Travanca and André
190
provide adequate information about the correct structural behaviour. Advanced and
complex finite element models should be developed to study the behaviour and resistance of these structures, subjected to the major hazards that will be exposed to, in
particular due to wind action.
In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the field of structural health
monitoring resulting in the development of new techniques and equipment such as
the fibre‐optic sensors based on Fibre Bragg Gratings. The recent improvement of
sensors based on all optical technology to study the dynamic behaviour of structures
presents itself as a valuable tool for the assessment of structural integrity and
dynamic response of communication structures. Therefore, newly developed SHM
techniques could be used to obtain valuable data about the structural behaviour,
which would be used to validate and verify the numerical simulation models. After
which advanced stochastic simulations, including sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification, could be performed. Results of the models should be then
analysed to determine structural robustness and structural fragility based on innovative procedures [62].
Consequence models could be then developed to estimate the vulnerabilities of the
system to each specific hazard, including direct and indirect consequences. Structural
resilience models could also be elaborated on, based on the structural fragility and consequence models, but also on specific models that simulate relief and recovery activities
after a disruptive event takes place. These models should be analysed using a consistent
systems of systems framework. To this end, considerable attention should be given to
the formulation of a modelling framework that captures relevant features of a complex
system, including the systems intra‐ and inter‐ dependencies, and to the development
of a simulation tool, integrating the new and innovative capabilities and improved
knowledge obtained in the abovementioned tasks.
Risk evaluation is the process of examining and judging the significance of risk. First,
the risk acceptance criteria should be established (e.g. using equity, utility, technology
and sustainability principles) and the acceptable and the unacceptable risk (or resilience) levels are defined, for example following the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably
Practicable) principle. Furthermore, a list with a range of alternative measures (active or
passive, preventive or protective) for managing the risks which are higher than the
acceptable risk level could be developed, encompassing planning to operation phases
and including social, technical and economic considerations.
The last step of risk management is risk control. It incorporates the identification of
the measures most suitable to manage risks, the definition of the performance objectives and requirements of the implementation methods, as well as the definition of the
monitoring, evaluation criteria and review methods of the selected measures. For each
one of the selected risk treatment measures, residual risks should be estimated and
resource allocation optimised.
8.6 Acknowledgement
This Chapter is based upon work from COST Action CA15127 (Resilient communication services protecting end‐user applications from disaster‐based failures – RECODIS)
supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
190
provide adequate information about the correct structural behaviour. Advanced and
complex finite element models should be developed to study the behaviour and resistance of these structures, subjected to the major hazards that will be exposed to, in
particular due to wind action.
In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the field of structural health
monitoring resulting in the development of new techniques and equipment such as
the fibre‐optic sensors based on Fibre Bragg Gratings. The recent improvement of
sensors based on all optical technology to study the dynamic behaviour of structures
presents itself as a valuable tool for the assessment of structural integrity and
dynamic response of communication structures. Therefore, newly developed SHM
techniques could be used to obtain valuable data about the structural behaviour,
which would be used to validate and verify the numerical simulation models. After
which advanced stochastic simulations, including sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification, could be performed. Results of the models should be then
analysed to determine structural robustness and structural fragility based on innovative procedures [62].
Consequence models could be then developed to estimate the vulnerabilities of the
system to each specific hazard, including direct and indirect consequences. Structural
resilience models could also be elaborated on, based on the structural fragility and consequence models, but also on specific models that simulate relief and recovery activities
after a disruptive event takes place. These models should be analysed using a consistent
systems of systems framework. To this end, considerable attention should be given to
the formulation of a modelling framework that captures relevant features of a complex
system, including the systems intra‐ and inter‐ dependencies, and to the development
of a simulation tool, integrating the new and innovative capabilities and improved
knowledge obtained in the abovementioned tasks.
Risk evaluation is the process of examining and judging the significance of risk. First,
the risk acceptance criteria should be established (e.g. using equity, utility, technology
and sustainability principles) and the acceptable and the unacceptable risk (or resilience) levels are defined, for example following the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably
Practicable) principle. Furthermore, a list with a range of alternative measures (active or
passive, preventive or protective) for managing the risks which are higher than the
acceptable risk level could be developed, encompassing planning to operation phases
and including social, technical and economic considerations.
The last step of risk management is risk control. It incorporates the identification of
the measures most suitable to manage risks, the definition of the performance objectives and requirements of the implementation methods, as well as the definition of the
monitoring, evaluation criteria and review methods of the selected measures. For each
one of the selected risk treatment measures, residual risks should be estimated and
resource allocation optimised.
8.6 Acknowledgement
This Chapter is based upon work from COST Action CA15127 (Resilient communication services protecting end‐user applications from disaster‐based failures – RECODIS)
supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).