92
M. N. Abubacker and M. Prince
where
W 1 weight of oven – dry test sample (g).
W 2 Weight of oven – dry sample after extraction with hot water (g).
2.5 SEM–EDX Elemental Analysis
Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM–
EDX) analysis was performed to determine the cellular and sub-cellular structure
of degrading biomass and the elemental levels at different degradation stages (Vinod
and Sashidhar 2010). The leaf, twig and bark mixed degraded samples were dried
and ground into fine powder and then placed in the steel stab with carbon tape and
sputter coated with gold particle for 50 s in high vacuum conditions. Elemental
analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopic images coupled with energy dispersive
X-ray consisting 3.5 and 2.5 nm resolution for tungsten filament and LaB6 and EDX
detector resolution 133 eV of the degraded samples was assessed.
3 Results and Discussion
Degradation of lignin, holocellulose, hot water soluble content of Pinus radiata Don
needle leaf, twig and bark by wood degrading fungi. The degradation abilities of
lignin, holocellulose, hot water soluble content of Pinus radiata needle leaf, twig and
bark by specific wood degrading fungi of P. radiata forest ecosystem was presented
in (Table 1).
The lignin content of needle leaf as control 23.8% at 90 days, the treated samples
with fungi showed the decrease in the lignin content 17.1–19.5% and after 180 days
it was 13.5–15.3%, depending on the fungal genera (Table 1).
The most efficient lignin degrading fungi of needle leaf was found to be Colricia
perennis with 6.7% at 90 days and 8.8% at 180 days of degradation.
For twig, the initial lignin content of control was 52.0% which is decreased to
38.0–44.2% at 90 days treated sample with fungi and at 180 days it was 50.8% for
control, was decreased from 32.5 to 38.0% depending on the fungal genera (Table
1). The most efficient lignin degrading fungi for twig was Heterobasidion annosum
with 14.0% at 90 days and 18.7% at 180 days of degradation.
In the case of bark, the control sample have shown 90.2% at 90 days, the treated
samples with fungi showed the decrease in the lignin control, i.e., 68.0–82.0% and
at 180 days it was 66.5 to 78.3% as against the control 88.0%. The most efficient
lignin degrading fungi of bark was found to be 15.6% for Heterobasidion annosum
at 90 days, but at 180 days it was found to be 11.5% for Colricia perennis (Figs. 2,
3, 4, 5 and 6).
M. N. Abubacker and M. Prince
where
W 1 weight of oven – dry test sample (g).
W 2 Weight of oven – dry sample after extraction with hot water (g).
2.5 SEM–EDX Elemental Analysis
Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM–
EDX) analysis was performed to determine the cellular and sub-cellular structure
of degrading biomass and the elemental levels at different degradation stages (Vinod
and Sashidhar 2010). The leaf, twig and bark mixed degraded samples were dried
and ground into fine powder and then placed in the steel stab with carbon tape and
sputter coated with gold particle for 50 s in high vacuum conditions. Elemental
analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopic images coupled with energy dispersive
X-ray consisting 3.5 and 2.5 nm resolution for tungsten filament and LaB6 and EDX
detector resolution 133 eV of the degraded samples was assessed.
3 Results and Discussion
Degradation of lignin, holocellulose, hot water soluble content of Pinus radiata Don
needle leaf, twig and bark by wood degrading fungi. The degradation abilities of
lignin, holocellulose, hot water soluble content of Pinus radiata needle leaf, twig and
bark by specific wood degrading fungi of P. radiata forest ecosystem was presented
in (Table 1).
The lignin content of needle leaf as control 23.8% at 90 days, the treated samples
with fungi showed the decrease in the lignin content 17.1–19.5% and after 180 days
it was 13.5–15.3%, depending on the fungal genera (Table 1).
The most efficient lignin degrading fungi of needle leaf was found to be Colricia
perennis with 6.7% at 90 days and 8.8% at 180 days of degradation.
For twig, the initial lignin content of control was 52.0% which is decreased to
38.0–44.2% at 90 days treated sample with fungi and at 180 days it was 50.8% for
control, was decreased from 32.5 to 38.0% depending on the fungal genera (Table
1). The most efficient lignin degrading fungi for twig was Heterobasidion annosum
with 14.0% at 90 days and 18.7% at 180 days of degradation.
In the case of bark, the control sample have shown 90.2% at 90 days, the treated
samples with fungi showed the decrease in the lignin control, i.e., 68.0–82.0% and
at 180 days it was 66.5 to 78.3% as against the control 88.0%. The most efficient
lignin degrading fungi of bark was found to be 15.6% for Heterobasidion annosum
at 90 days, but at 180 days it was found to be 11.5% for Colricia perennis (Figs. 2,
3, 4, 5 and 6).