72
C. Elizabeth Rani et al.
4 Characterization of Biosurfactant by FTIR
The chemical nature of the extracted biosurfactant was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A pinch of crystalline biosurfactant was mixed
with sodium phosphate buffer (neutral pH). This sample was then analyzed by spectrometry. The spectrometric analysis was carried out by LCQ quadrupole iontrap
mass spectrometer utilizing electrospray ionization. The sample was into the mass
spectrometer at a flow rate of 10 µl/minute and the auxiliary gas flow, nitrogen were
maintained at 5 and 50 ml/minute respectively. The spray voltage was set at 5kv and
heated capillary temperature was 250
◦ C. Built- in plotter were used to obtain the IR
absorption spectra. IR absorption spectra were collected over the of 550–4500 cm
−1
with a resolution of 4 cm
−1 . All spectra were obtained from 180 scans. The spectrum
was studied to reveal the chemical nature of the biosurfactant.
5 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Biosurfactant
in Comparison with Biomass as Treatment Strategies
10 ml of the collected water sample was taken to determine the different types of
heavy metals present in it and also to determine the concentrations of the heavy
metals.
Sample-1 raw water sample (untreated).
Sample-2 (treated with biosurfactant). 100 micro litre of biosurfactant was added to
10 ml of the water sample.
Sample-3 (biomass treated). 100 micro litre of pure culture of Pseudomonas
aeroginosa was added to 10 ml of the water sample.
After the addition of biosurfactant and biomass individually, the samples were
mixed thoroughly for 2–3 min by vortex. Then it was incubated at room temperature
for 30 min. After 30 min all the 3 sample were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min
and the supernatant was separated for further investigations. The estimation of heavy
metals was done by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Before and after the
treatment of heavy metals were studied. Biosurfactant treatment strategy was also
compared with the treatment with biomass.
6 Determination of Toxic Chemical Compounds
and Treatment by Biosurfactant and Biomass
In this study FTIR was used to determine the toxic functional groups present in
the water sample. Before the treatment and after the treatment with biosurfactant
C. Elizabeth Rani et al.
4 Characterization of Biosurfactant by FTIR
The chemical nature of the extracted biosurfactant was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A pinch of crystalline biosurfactant was mixed
with sodium phosphate buffer (neutral pH). This sample was then analyzed by spectrometry. The spectrometric analysis was carried out by LCQ quadrupole iontrap
mass spectrometer utilizing electrospray ionization. The sample was into the mass
spectrometer at a flow rate of 10 µl/minute and the auxiliary gas flow, nitrogen were
maintained at 5 and 50 ml/minute respectively. The spray voltage was set at 5kv and
heated capillary temperature was 250
◦ C. Built- in plotter were used to obtain the IR
absorption spectra. IR absorption spectra were collected over the of 550–4500 cm
−1
with a resolution of 4 cm
−1 . All spectra were obtained from 180 scans. The spectrum
was studied to reveal the chemical nature of the biosurfactant.
5 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Biosurfactant
in Comparison with Biomass as Treatment Strategies
10 ml of the collected water sample was taken to determine the different types of
heavy metals present in it and also to determine the concentrations of the heavy
metals.
Sample-1 raw water sample (untreated).
Sample-2 (treated with biosurfactant). 100 micro litre of biosurfactant was added to
10 ml of the water sample.
Sample-3 (biomass treated). 100 micro litre of pure culture of Pseudomonas
aeroginosa was added to 10 ml of the water sample.
After the addition of biosurfactant and biomass individually, the samples were
mixed thoroughly for 2–3 min by vortex. Then it was incubated at room temperature
for 30 min. After 30 min all the 3 sample were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min
and the supernatant was separated for further investigations. The estimation of heavy
metals was done by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Before and after the
treatment of heavy metals were studied. Biosurfactant treatment strategy was also
compared with the treatment with biomass.
6 Determination of Toxic Chemical Compounds
and Treatment by Biosurfactant and Biomass
In this study FTIR was used to determine the toxic functional groups present in
the water sample. Before the treatment and after the treatment with biosurfactant