Impact of Sugar Mill Effluent on the Quality of Groundwater …
45
Table 2 Comparison of physico-chemical parameter of the collected groundwater samples with
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Parameters S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
BIS
Temperature
°C
24.9 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.7 24.8 25.3 24.7 25.1 25.5
7–8.5
pH
7.45 7.62 7.48 7.68 7.25 7.72 7.38 7.47 7.85 7.57
–
EC (µS/cm) 0.3
0.83 0.57 0.73 0.31 0.42 0.66 0.41 0.35 1.09
–
TS (mg/l)
2500 1500 1500 2000 1500 2000 1000 1000 1500 1000 500
TDS (mg/l) 1500 500 500 1500 500 1500 500 500 500 500
–
TSS (mg/l) 1000 1000 1000 500 1000 500 500 500 1000 500
–
Total
Alkalinity
(mg/l)
150 125 210 175 150 50
100 150 150 150
200
Chloride
(mg/l)
26.58 85.08 87.22 40.76 19.49 26.58 51.4 28.36 31.9 125.84 250
Hardness
(mg/l)
156 378 214 356 162 196 244 192 198 496
300
DO (mg/l)
5.85 6.82 5.8
6.45 6.02 6.68 6.85 6.65 8.32 8.02
6
COD (mg/l) 145 165.5 150.6 170 180.6 190.2 170.5 165.2 230.5 265.4 250
Note: S-Samples, BIS-Bureau of Indian Standards
of 7.25 is observed at station S5 in Fig. 2b. The permissible limit of pH for drinking
water is 7.0–8.5 according to World Health organization (WHO). The groundwater
samples in the study area are within the acceptable limit of WHO. There is no
abnormal change of pH in the groundwater samples (El-Gohary et al. 1998).
4.3 Electrical Conductivity (EC)
The electrical conductivity values for all the groundwater samples are recorded within
the range of 0.30–1.09 µS/cm. The highest value of 1.09 is observed at station S10
whereas the lowest value of 0.30 µS/cm is observed at station S1 (Fig. 2c). Electrical conductance is a good indication of total dissolved solids, which is a measure
of salinity that affects the taste of potable water. Several factors like temperature,
ionic mobility, and ionic valences also influence the conductivity. The electrical
conductivity value for all the groundwater samples is above the permissible limit.
45
Table 2 Comparison of physico-chemical parameter of the collected groundwater samples with
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Parameters S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
BIS
Temperature
°C
24.9 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.7 24.8 25.3 24.7 25.1 25.5
7–8.5
pH
7.45 7.62 7.48 7.68 7.25 7.72 7.38 7.47 7.85 7.57
–
EC (µS/cm) 0.3
0.83 0.57 0.73 0.31 0.42 0.66 0.41 0.35 1.09
–
TS (mg/l)
2500 1500 1500 2000 1500 2000 1000 1000 1500 1000 500
TDS (mg/l) 1500 500 500 1500 500 1500 500 500 500 500
–
TSS (mg/l) 1000 1000 1000 500 1000 500 500 500 1000 500
–
Total
Alkalinity
(mg/l)
150 125 210 175 150 50
100 150 150 150
200
Chloride
(mg/l)
26.58 85.08 87.22 40.76 19.49 26.58 51.4 28.36 31.9 125.84 250
Hardness
(mg/l)
156 378 214 356 162 196 244 192 198 496
300
DO (mg/l)
5.85 6.82 5.8
6.45 6.02 6.68 6.85 6.65 8.32 8.02
6
COD (mg/l) 145 165.5 150.6 170 180.6 190.2 170.5 165.2 230.5 265.4 250
Note: S-Samples, BIS-Bureau of Indian Standards
of 7.25 is observed at station S5 in Fig. 2b. The permissible limit of pH for drinking
water is 7.0–8.5 according to World Health organization (WHO). The groundwater
samples in the study area are within the acceptable limit of WHO. There is no
abnormal change of pH in the groundwater samples (El-Gohary et al. 1998).
4.3 Electrical Conductivity (EC)
The electrical conductivity values for all the groundwater samples are recorded within
the range of 0.30–1.09 µS/cm. The highest value of 1.09 is observed at station S10
whereas the lowest value of 0.30 µS/cm is observed at station S1 (Fig. 2c). Electrical conductance is a good indication of total dissolved solids, which is a measure
of salinity that affects the taste of potable water. Several factors like temperature,
ionic mobility, and ionic valences also influence the conductivity. The electrical
conductivity value for all the groundwater samples is above the permissible limit.