Impact of Sugar Mill Effluent on the Quality of Groundwater …
43
Fig. 1 Location of study area and groundwater sampling site network in the study area
3 Materials and Methods
For the present investigations, three taluks of Cuddalore District (TN) were selected.
There are ten sampling points (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, i.e.) with three
from each taluk from January to December 2019 (Fig. 1). The groundwater samples
were collected from the hand pump without any air bubbles. The sampling sites were
located near the stream and a few meters away from the effluents stream (Aquifers).
In addition, water samples were collected from the wells close to the stream and
progressively away from it. Accordingly, the closest proximity of 1–1.5 km from
the sugar mill was prescribed by the Environmental Impact Assessment (Central
Pollution Control Board) and adopted for our study (Valappil et al. 1994; Banham
and Brew 1996; Paliwal 2006).
The samples were collected in one-liter polyethylene bottles of one-liter capacity
with care to air bubbles. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature were
measured in the field. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TS, TDS,
TSS, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, DO, BOD, and COD were analyzed for further
studies. The analysis was carried out in the laboratory using the procedures given by
APHA (1998).
43
Fig. 1 Location of study area and groundwater sampling site network in the study area
3 Materials and Methods
For the present investigations, three taluks of Cuddalore District (TN) were selected.
There are ten sampling points (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, i.e.) with three
from each taluk from January to December 2019 (Fig. 1). The groundwater samples
were collected from the hand pump without any air bubbles. The sampling sites were
located near the stream and a few meters away from the effluents stream (Aquifers).
In addition, water samples were collected from the wells close to the stream and
progressively away from it. Accordingly, the closest proximity of 1–1.5 km from
the sugar mill was prescribed by the Environmental Impact Assessment (Central
Pollution Control Board) and adopted for our study (Valappil et al. 1994; Banham
and Brew 1996; Paliwal 2006).
The samples were collected in one-liter polyethylene bottles of one-liter capacity
with care to air bubbles. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature were
measured in the field. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TS, TDS,
TSS, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, DO, BOD, and COD were analyzed for further
studies. The analysis was carried out in the laboratory using the procedures given by
APHA (1998).