Impact of Water Quality on the Anatomical and Histochemical …
11
4 Conclusion
E. crassipes is a potential aquatic weed belonging to the family Pontederiaceae. The
present investigation mainly focused on the study of the anatomical and histochemical
analysis of petiole, leaf and root of water hyacinth, from different polluted lakes. In
anatomical studies of water hyacinth, different structures like sclereids and raphides
were observed. Stomatal studies resulted that water hyacinth possessed paracytic type
of stomata. Histochemical studies of water hyacinth revealed the presence of starch,
protein, alkaloids and lignin in plant parts by the application of corresponding stains.
Water quality parameters like pH, temperature, chlorides and sulphates of lakes and
rivers were estimated, and such parameters had some influence over the anatomy of
water hyacinth.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Department of Biotechnology, Government
of India, for the financial assistance provided under the STAR STATUS scheme and Foldscope
project.
References
Abid A, Gill S, Khan F, Ghauri N (2014) Phytoremediation systems for the recovery of nutrients
from eutrophic waters. In: Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control, vol 2. pp 239–248
Ali MM, Soltan ME (1999) Heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes, water and hydrosoils from the
river Nile. Egypt J Union Arab Biol 9:99–115
APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. Am Publ
Health Assoc. Washington, DC. Part, 8000:94–100
Barnabas AD (1996) Casparian band-like structures in the root hypodermis of some aquatic
angiosperms. Aquat Bot 55:217–225
Christiane A, Hendrik D (2008) Global diversity of true and pygmy grasshoppers (Acridomorpha,
Orthoptera) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:535–543
Dutta AC (1986) A class book of botany, XVII. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp 309–312
Mahmood Q, Zheng P, Siddiqi MR, Islam E, Azim MR, Hayat Y (2005) Anatomical studies on
water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater. J
Zhejiang Univ Sci A 6B:991–998
Mansfield TA, Majernik O (1970) Can stomata play a part in protecting plants against air pollutants.
Environ Pollut 1:149–154
Meidner H, Mansfield TA (1968) Physiology of stomata. Blackie, Glasgow, UK
Patel S (2012) Threats, management and envisaged utilisations of aquatic weed Eichhornia
crassipes: an overview. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 11:249–259
Richard GA, John SD (1981) Suppressing water hyacinth with an imported weevil. La Agric 24:4–5
Sheffield CW (1967) Water hyacinth for nutrient removal. J Aquat Plant Manage 6:27–30
Soltan ME, Rashed MN (2003) Laboratory study on the survival of water hyacinth under several
conditions of heavy metal concentrations. Adv Environ Res 7(2):82–91
Vesk PA, Nockold CE, Aaway WG (1999) Metal localization in water hyacinth roots from an urban
wetland. Plant Cell Environ 22:149–158
Warrier RR, Saroja S (2008) Histochemical studies on water hyacinth with particular reference to
water pollution. Int J Integr Biol 2:96–99
11
4 Conclusion
E. crassipes is a potential aquatic weed belonging to the family Pontederiaceae. The
present investigation mainly focused on the study of the anatomical and histochemical
analysis of petiole, leaf and root of water hyacinth, from different polluted lakes. In
anatomical studies of water hyacinth, different structures like sclereids and raphides
were observed. Stomatal studies resulted that water hyacinth possessed paracytic type
of stomata. Histochemical studies of water hyacinth revealed the presence of starch,
protein, alkaloids and lignin in plant parts by the application of corresponding stains.
Water quality parameters like pH, temperature, chlorides and sulphates of lakes and
rivers were estimated, and such parameters had some influence over the anatomy of
water hyacinth.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Department of Biotechnology, Government
of India, for the financial assistance provided under the STAR STATUS scheme and Foldscope
project.
References
Abid A, Gill S, Khan F, Ghauri N (2014) Phytoremediation systems for the recovery of nutrients
from eutrophic waters. In: Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control, vol 2. pp 239–248
Ali MM, Soltan ME (1999) Heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes, water and hydrosoils from the
river Nile. Egypt J Union Arab Biol 9:99–115
APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. Am Publ
Health Assoc. Washington, DC. Part, 8000:94–100
Barnabas AD (1996) Casparian band-like structures in the root hypodermis of some aquatic
angiosperms. Aquat Bot 55:217–225
Christiane A, Hendrik D (2008) Global diversity of true and pygmy grasshoppers (Acridomorpha,
Orthoptera) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:535–543
Dutta AC (1986) A class book of botany, XVII. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp 309–312
Mahmood Q, Zheng P, Siddiqi MR, Islam E, Azim MR, Hayat Y (2005) Anatomical studies on
water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater. J
Zhejiang Univ Sci A 6B:991–998
Mansfield TA, Majernik O (1970) Can stomata play a part in protecting plants against air pollutants.
Environ Pollut 1:149–154
Meidner H, Mansfield TA (1968) Physiology of stomata. Blackie, Glasgow, UK
Patel S (2012) Threats, management and envisaged utilisations of aquatic weed Eichhornia
crassipes: an overview. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 11:249–259
Richard GA, John SD (1981) Suppressing water hyacinth with an imported weevil. La Agric 24:4–5
Sheffield CW (1967) Water hyacinth for nutrient removal. J Aquat Plant Manage 6:27–30
Soltan ME, Rashed MN (2003) Laboratory study on the survival of water hyacinth under several
conditions of heavy metal concentrations. Adv Environ Res 7(2):82–91
Vesk PA, Nockold CE, Aaway WG (1999) Metal localization in water hyacinth roots from an urban
wetland. Plant Cell Environ 22:149–158
Warrier RR, Saroja S (2008) Histochemical studies on water hyacinth with particular reference to
water pollution. Int J Integr Biol 2:96–99