186
X. Agnello J. Naveen et al.
Keywords Conventional technology · Cleaner technology · Return on
investment · Recycling
1 Introduction
Sugar is one of the largest agro-based industries. Sugarcane, a major raw material,
is an important crop for bio-products because it produces sugar with a by-product
bagasse (Renouf et al. 2008). Bagasse is used as involvement resource in 80 sugarcane producing countries (Botha and Von Blottnitz 2006). In the world over, the
top of five nations viz., India, Brazil, Thailand, Australia, and China, accounted for
40% of the total sugar production, while sugar is produced in about 115 countries
in the world. Sugar is produced 70% from sugarcane and 30% from sugar beet and
cassava, etc. (Contreras et al. 2009). In the year of 2015–2016, 526 mills are operated in India, which produced 33.90 million tons of sugar from Andhra, Pradesh,
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (ISMA 2012). Sugar
industry is mainly seasonal and operates only for 150–210 days in a year (November–
May) (Kolhe et al. 2009). A huge volume of waste is generated during the operation
of sugar production and has a huge amount of pollution load; classified in terms of
suspended solids, organic matter, and press mud, bagasse and air pollutants another
important is wastewater. The mills generate wastewater in the ratio of 1:2 (Jadhav
et al. 2013; Vinish 2014). Each process in the sugar industry with crushing capacity
of 1500–5000 tons per day requires 1500–10,000 m
3 /day of water. Sugar industries are used for chemical and coagulation of impurities and refining of end products.
These entire chemicals, one-way or another, are contributing towards increased water
pollution level. Sugar mills account in the industries which discharge huge amount
of effluent per day without any or partly treatment during the crushing season (Trivedy
1998). Sugar industry is categorized under the highly polluting water industries
(Red category industry) (CERP 1989). To drop this the mandatory laws of pollution
control board stipulated to the sugar industry to install ETP with CPCB prepared
in accordance to the guidelines dated in 19-01-2015, On techno-Economic feasibility for implementation of Zero liquid discharged (ZLD) mechanism for reuse
and recycle the effluent water conservation and irrigation protocol as alternate
to ZLD water(CPCB 2015). To install continuous effluent online monitoring system
(CEMS) for all the ETP for the measurement of parameters like flow pH, COD, BOD
and TSS (CPCB 2015) corresponding by the flow meter.
2 Study Area
The study of select sugar industry is situated in Erode is an “Ultra red” category
industry as the pollution load is very high. The production of sugar is 4750 TCD
(tonne capacity per day).
X. Agnello J. Naveen et al.
Keywords Conventional technology · Cleaner technology · Return on
investment · Recycling
1 Introduction
Sugar is one of the largest agro-based industries. Sugarcane, a major raw material,
is an important crop for bio-products because it produces sugar with a by-product
bagasse (Renouf et al. 2008). Bagasse is used as involvement resource in 80 sugarcane producing countries (Botha and Von Blottnitz 2006). In the world over, the
top of five nations viz., India, Brazil, Thailand, Australia, and China, accounted for
40% of the total sugar production, while sugar is produced in about 115 countries
in the world. Sugar is produced 70% from sugarcane and 30% from sugar beet and
cassava, etc. (Contreras et al. 2009). In the year of 2015–2016, 526 mills are operated in India, which produced 33.90 million tons of sugar from Andhra, Pradesh,
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (ISMA 2012). Sugar
industry is mainly seasonal and operates only for 150–210 days in a year (November–
May) (Kolhe et al. 2009). A huge volume of waste is generated during the operation
of sugar production and has a huge amount of pollution load; classified in terms of
suspended solids, organic matter, and press mud, bagasse and air pollutants another
important is wastewater. The mills generate wastewater in the ratio of 1:2 (Jadhav
et al. 2013; Vinish 2014). Each process in the sugar industry with crushing capacity
of 1500–5000 tons per day requires 1500–10,000 m
3 /day of water. Sugar industries are used for chemical and coagulation of impurities and refining of end products.
These entire chemicals, one-way or another, are contributing towards increased water
pollution level. Sugar mills account in the industries which discharge huge amount
of effluent per day without any or partly treatment during the crushing season (Trivedy
1998). Sugar industry is categorized under the highly polluting water industries
(Red category industry) (CERP 1989). To drop this the mandatory laws of pollution
control board stipulated to the sugar industry to install ETP with CPCB prepared
in accordance to the guidelines dated in 19-01-2015, On techno-Economic feasibility for implementation of Zero liquid discharged (ZLD) mechanism for reuse
and recycle the effluent water conservation and irrigation protocol as alternate
to ZLD water(CPCB 2015). To install continuous effluent online monitoring system
(CEMS) for all the ETP for the measurement of parameters like flow pH, COD, BOD
and TSS (CPCB 2015) corresponding by the flow meter.
2 Study Area
The study of select sugar industry is situated in Erode is an “Ultra red” category
industry as the pollution load is very high. The production of sugar is 4750 TCD
(tonne capacity per day).