Bioremediation Approaches for Degradation …
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Fig. 3 Schematic diagram for coagulation-flocculation
Flocculation—A type of aggregation where the aggregates are loose or open type.
Coagulation/Flocculation technique is used to remove the particles from the
effluent also to achieve the maximum removal of COD. The mechanism involved in
the Coagulation/Flocculation includes sorption (protonation of amino groups), electrostatic attraction and bridging (interrelated with polymer high molecular weight).
Commonly used coagulants are ferrous sulfate, ferric chlorisulfate, ferric chloride and
alum (aluminium sulfate). Though, conventional aluminium based coagulants can
cause Alzheimer’s disease (Hassan et al. 2009; https://www.profilt.net/en/water-tre
atment-principles/; https://www.columbia.edu/~ps24/PDFs/Principles%20of%20F
locculation%20Dispersion%20Selective%20Flocculation.pdf; Sabur et al. 2012).
Schematic diagram for coagulation-flocculation is shown in Fig. 3.
2.3 Membrane Separation
Membrane processes is a process used to separates the specific materials based on
its pore size or minute gaps which is present as a molecular arrangement in the
continuous structure of the membrane. This membrane separation technique is not
only used to produce purified water also used for recycling the specific contaminants
from the industrial effluent waste. Based on the nature of membrane, membrane
separation technique is classified as
a. Micro filtration
119
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram for coagulation-flocculation
Flocculation—A type of aggregation where the aggregates are loose or open type.
Coagulation/Flocculation technique is used to remove the particles from the
effluent also to achieve the maximum removal of COD. The mechanism involved in
the Coagulation/Flocculation includes sorption (protonation of amino groups), electrostatic attraction and bridging (interrelated with polymer high molecular weight).
Commonly used coagulants are ferrous sulfate, ferric chlorisulfate, ferric chloride and
alum (aluminium sulfate). Though, conventional aluminium based coagulants can
cause Alzheimer’s disease (Hassan et al. 2009; https://www.profilt.net/en/water-tre
atment-principles/; https://www.columbia.edu/~ps24/PDFs/Principles%20of%20F
locculation%20Dispersion%20Selective%20Flocculation.pdf; Sabur et al. 2012).
Schematic diagram for coagulation-flocculation is shown in Fig. 3.
2.3 Membrane Separation
Membrane processes is a process used to separates the specific materials based on
its pore size or minute gaps which is present as a molecular arrangement in the
continuous structure of the membrane. This membrane separation technique is not
only used to produce purified water also used for recycling the specific contaminants
from the industrial effluent waste. Based on the nature of membrane, membrane
separation technique is classified as
a. Micro filtration