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S. Lakshmana Prabu et al.
1 Introduction
In earth, water has been considered one of the most important substances and every
living organisms like from smallest microorganism to the largest mammal must have
water for their survival, no life on earth without water. In addition, water is having
an important role for the healthy growth of plants, animals and in the production
of many products through aerobic respiration and without water aerobic respiration
could not take place. In living organisms, aerobic respiration creates the energy in the
form of ATP for their life process and in earth the majority of the living organisms
use aerobic respiration as an energy source. Some organisms have been made up to
95% of water, whereas almost all organisms are made of minimum of 50% water.
For the normal healthy life like drinking and other purposes, the water should be
clean which means it should be clear, free from any microorganisms and chemicals
(https://sciencing.com/about-6384365-water-important-life-earth-.html).
Water has been collected from various sources such as Surface water, River
water, Springs, Rock catchment areas and rock holes, Excavated dams, Rainwater
tanks, Bores and wells, Artesian bores (https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publicati
ons/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manualatsi-cnt-l-ch6~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch6.1).
1.1 Origin of Synthetic Dye
From the beginning of mankind, human being have used colorants for dyeing,
painting their surrounding and for their cloths. Men have used dyes in the walls since
15,000–9,000 BC (Altanira caves in Spain). Till nineteenth century, men used natural
dyes from plants, insects, lichens and mushrooms for the textile dye purpose (Shah
2018). These natural dyes are aromatic compounds and the major disadvantage of
these natural dyes in the dying process is that it requires several steps.
In 1856, English chemist W.H. Perkin made an attempt to synthesis quinine, the
research outcome obtained a substance having bluish in color which had a very good
dyeing character. Later this bluish color substance has become a violet aniline, purple
tyrant or mauveine (Aksu and Karabayir 2008). Due to diversity of these natural dye
sources, application process, rapid change in the demand and advancement, this
basic research made a new path for the preparation of different synthetic dyes and its
utilization in near future. Nowadays in textile dying to meet the present needs nearly
100,000 synthetic dyes are produced (Robinson et al. 2001). In current scenario yearly
almost 1,000,000 tons of dyes are manufactured and utilized in textile industry. The
foremost reason for this increased production of dyes is to meet the present needs.
S. Lakshmana Prabu et al.
1 Introduction
In earth, water has been considered one of the most important substances and every
living organisms like from smallest microorganism to the largest mammal must have
water for their survival, no life on earth without water. In addition, water is having
an important role for the healthy growth of plants, animals and in the production
of many products through aerobic respiration and without water aerobic respiration
could not take place. In living organisms, aerobic respiration creates the energy in the
form of ATP for their life process and in earth the majority of the living organisms
use aerobic respiration as an energy source. Some organisms have been made up to
95% of water, whereas almost all organisms are made of minimum of 50% water.
For the normal healthy life like drinking and other purposes, the water should be
clean which means it should be clear, free from any microorganisms and chemicals
(https://sciencing.com/about-6384365-water-important-life-earth-.html).
Water has been collected from various sources such as Surface water, River
water, Springs, Rock catchment areas and rock holes, Excavated dams, Rainwater
tanks, Bores and wells, Artesian bores (https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publicati
ons/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manualatsi-cnt-l-ch6~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch6.1).
1.1 Origin of Synthetic Dye
From the beginning of mankind, human being have used colorants for dyeing,
painting their surrounding and for their cloths. Men have used dyes in the walls since
15,000–9,000 BC (Altanira caves in Spain). Till nineteenth century, men used natural
dyes from plants, insects, lichens and mushrooms for the textile dye purpose (Shah
2018). These natural dyes are aromatic compounds and the major disadvantage of
these natural dyes in the dying process is that it requires several steps.
In 1856, English chemist W.H. Perkin made an attempt to synthesis quinine, the
research outcome obtained a substance having bluish in color which had a very good
dyeing character. Later this bluish color substance has become a violet aniline, purple
tyrant or mauveine (Aksu and Karabayir 2008). Due to diversity of these natural dye
sources, application process, rapid change in the demand and advancement, this
basic research made a new path for the preparation of different synthetic dyes and its
utilization in near future. Nowadays in textile dying to meet the present needs nearly
100,000 synthetic dyes are produced (Robinson et al. 2001). In current scenario yearly
almost 1,000,000 tons of dyes are manufactured and utilized in textile industry. The
foremost reason for this increased production of dyes is to meet the present needs.