393
13.3.3 Centaurea Species
13.3.3.1 Centaurea leucomalla Bornm.
The content of 22 elements (As, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na,
Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) in the endemic Centaurea leucomalla Bornm. species collected from 8 sublocations is presented by Bačeva et al. (2018a) in Table 13.5.
The average, median, minimum, and maximum values of the content of As, Sb, and
Tl in soil and plant samples are presented in Table 13.5, while their content in different plant parts (root, stem, and leaf) of Centaurea leucomalla is given in
Table 13.6. It can be seen that the average content of As in soil samples was
1801 mg kg
−1
and ranges from 27 to 5288 mg kg
−1
(Table 13.5). The average content of Sb in soil samples, from the same locations where the samples of Centaurea
leucomalla were collected, was 2079 mg kg
−1
and ranges from 8.66 to 8816 mg kg
−1
(Table 13.5). From the data of the soil samples, it was establish that the average
content of Tl was 271 mg kg
−1
, and it ranges from 22.2 to 530 mg kg
−1
.
From the obtained results (Tables 13.5 and 13.6), it can be seen that the content
of Tl and As in the plant samples was significantly high (up to 210 mg kg
−1
for As
and up to 238 mg kg
−1
for Tl). These results confirm that the Centaurea leucomalla
was able to accumulate toxic elements, especially As and Tl, and distribute them in
all plant parts. The content of As was significantly higher in the roots and leaves
(Table 13.6). However, even though the content of Sb in the soil was high
(Table 13.6), its content in the plant samples was low compared with As and Tl, and
it has no significant variation between the different parts of the plant.
The results of the extraction levels of As, Sb, and Tl from the soil samples gathered from locations where Centaurea samples were taken are presented in Fig. 13.9.
It could be seen that the highest extractability of these elements was with the extraction solution of 0.1 M HCl, with the extractable content of 6.27 mg kg
−1
, which was
2.3% of total content of Tl in the soil. The extraction levels of As was 0.36%
(6.5 mg kg
−1
), while the extractable level of Sb was the lowest (6.08 mg kg
−1
or
0.29%). The extractability of As and Sb in water (pH 7) and DTPA-CaCl 2 -TEA was
very low (less than 0.1% for As and Sb), while the extraction of Tl in these extraction solvents was slightly higher than other elements (0.32 and 0.84%, respectively).
The biotransfer of this element in the Centaurea leucomalla was very high with
the average content in the plant of 59.5 mg kg
−1
ranging from 0.55 to 210 mg kg
−1
.
The highest content was found in the roots (average value of 92.3 mg kg
−1
, ranges
Table 13.5 The results from the analysis of As, Sb, and Tl elements in plant Centaurea leucomalla
Bornm. and corresponding soil (in mg kg
−1
)
Elements
Centaurea leucomalla Bornm.
Soil (0–5 cm)
Average
Median
Min-max
Average
Median
Min-max
As
59.48
28.4
0.55–210
1801
1655
26.9–5288
Sb
6.94
0.74
0.25–58.2 2079
65.6
8.66–8816
Tl
42.1
20.9
0.10–238
271
289
22.2–530
13 Accumulation Abilities of Endemic Plant Species from the Vicinity of an As-Sb-Tl…
13.3.3 Centaurea Species
13.3.3.1 Centaurea leucomalla Bornm.
The content of 22 elements (As, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na,
Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) in the endemic Centaurea leucomalla Bornm. species collected from 8 sublocations is presented by Bačeva et al. (2018a) in Table 13.5.
The average, median, minimum, and maximum values of the content of As, Sb, and
Tl in soil and plant samples are presented in Table 13.5, while their content in different plant parts (root, stem, and leaf) of Centaurea leucomalla is given in
Table 13.6. It can be seen that the average content of As in soil samples was
1801 mg kg
−1
and ranges from 27 to 5288 mg kg
−1
(Table 13.5). The average content of Sb in soil samples, from the same locations where the samples of Centaurea
leucomalla were collected, was 2079 mg kg
−1
and ranges from 8.66 to 8816 mg kg
−1
(Table 13.5). From the data of the soil samples, it was establish that the average
content of Tl was 271 mg kg
−1
, and it ranges from 22.2 to 530 mg kg
−1
.
From the obtained results (Tables 13.5 and 13.6), it can be seen that the content
of Tl and As in the plant samples was significantly high (up to 210 mg kg
−1
for As
and up to 238 mg kg
−1
for Tl). These results confirm that the Centaurea leucomalla
was able to accumulate toxic elements, especially As and Tl, and distribute them in
all plant parts. The content of As was significantly higher in the roots and leaves
(Table 13.6). However, even though the content of Sb in the soil was high
(Table 13.6), its content in the plant samples was low compared with As and Tl, and
it has no significant variation between the different parts of the plant.
The results of the extraction levels of As, Sb, and Tl from the soil samples gathered from locations where Centaurea samples were taken are presented in Fig. 13.9.
It could be seen that the highest extractability of these elements was with the extraction solution of 0.1 M HCl, with the extractable content of 6.27 mg kg
−1
, which was
2.3% of total content of Tl in the soil. The extraction levels of As was 0.36%
(6.5 mg kg
−1
), while the extractable level of Sb was the lowest (6.08 mg kg
−1
or
0.29%). The extractability of As and Sb in water (pH 7) and DTPA-CaCl 2 -TEA was
very low (less than 0.1% for As and Sb), while the extraction of Tl in these extraction solvents was slightly higher than other elements (0.32 and 0.84%, respectively).
The biotransfer of this element in the Centaurea leucomalla was very high with
the average content in the plant of 59.5 mg kg
−1
ranging from 0.55 to 210 mg kg
−1
.
The highest content was found in the roots (average value of 92.3 mg kg
−1
, ranges
Table 13.5 The results from the analysis of As, Sb, and Tl elements in plant Centaurea leucomalla
Bornm. and corresponding soil (in mg kg
−1
)
Elements
Centaurea leucomalla Bornm.
Soil (0–5 cm)
Average
Median
Min-max
Average
Median
Min-max
As
59.48
28.4
0.55–210
1801
1655
26.9–5288
Sb
6.94
0.74
0.25–58.2 2079
65.6
8.66–8816
Tl
42.1
20.9
0.10–238
271
289
22.2–530
13 Accumulation Abilities of Endemic Plant Species from the Vicinity of an As-Sb-Tl…