305
morphology, except for calcium. From the other side, Bulgarian varieties had lower
calcium content compared to other two-row varieties. NS 525 variety showed the
highest levels of sodium, cooper, and nickel, while the highest content of phosphorus and zinc was obtained by NS 589 cultivar. Macedonian genotype Line 2 had the
highest concentration of manganese, and in two-row barley variety, Hit established
the largest content of aluminum and iron. Bulgarian variety Odisej showed the highest content of manganese and high values for zinc and cooper. From all tested varieties, in Univers cultivar was determined the smallest content of manganese,
phosphorus, iron, zinc, and nickel. PCA analysis showed that 70.591% of the variability was explained by two main components. The first component explained
51.295% of the total variation, and the second PC component had 19.295% of total
variance. The positive factor loading by both main components had the following
genotypes: Hit, Line 1, Line 2, NS 525, Obzor, Emon, Orfej, Kuber, Sajra, Odisej,
NS 589, Petra, and GK Judy. From the other side, the genotypes NS 525 and NS 589
belong to the same cluster group. These differences in grain chemical content may
be utilized in barley breeding programs particularly to produce varieties for specific
purpose, also for feed. From all tested genotypes, a few of them (NS 525, NS 589,
Hit, Line 2, and Odisej) can be used in barley breeding programs, like parents in
order to improve chemical composition in barley and also the nutritional grain
quality.
References
Ahmet AB, Bouhadjera K (2010) Assessment of metals accumulated in Durum wheat (Triticum
durum Desf.), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and agricultural soils. Afric J Agric Res 5:2795–2280
Akar T, Avci M, Dusunceli F (2004) Barley: Post-harvest operations. The Central Research
Institute for Field Crops. Edited by AGST/FAO, 64
Aman P, Newman CW (1986) Chemical composition of some different types of barley grown in
Montana, USA. J Cereal Sci 4:133–141
Aman P, Hesselman K, Tilly AC (1985) The variation in chemical composition of Swedish barleys.
J Cereal Sci 3:73–77
Anderson V, Lardy G, Bauer M, Swanson K, Zwinger S (2012) Barley grain and forage for beef
cattle. North Dakota State University, Fargo, pp 1–12
Anonymous (2013) FAO statistical year book. World Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Ayana A, Becele E (1999) Multivariate analysis of morphological variation in sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Genet Resour Crop Ev
46:273–284
Babaeian M, Tavassli A, Essmaeilian Y, Javaheri M (2012) Effects of Fe, Zn, Mg and manure on
seed germination character of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Afr J Microbiol Res 6:7302–7305
Bacha MA, Sabbah AM, Hamady MA (1997) Effect of foliar application of iron, zinc and manganese on yield, berry quality and leaf mineral composition of Thompson seedless and roomy red
grape cultivars. J King Saud Univ Sci 9:127–140
Bálint AF, Kovacs G, Erdei LJ (2001) Comparison of the Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg contents of the
grains of wild, ancient and cultivated wheat species. Cereal Res Commun 29:375–382
Belitz HD, Grosch W, Schieberle P (2004) Food chemistry, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, ISBN
978-3-662-07279-0
10 Chemometric Determination of Macro- and Microelements in Barley Genotypes…
morphology, except for calcium. From the other side, Bulgarian varieties had lower
calcium content compared to other two-row varieties. NS 525 variety showed the
highest levels of sodium, cooper, and nickel, while the highest content of phosphorus and zinc was obtained by NS 589 cultivar. Macedonian genotype Line 2 had the
highest concentration of manganese, and in two-row barley variety, Hit established
the largest content of aluminum and iron. Bulgarian variety Odisej showed the highest content of manganese and high values for zinc and cooper. From all tested varieties, in Univers cultivar was determined the smallest content of manganese,
phosphorus, iron, zinc, and nickel. PCA analysis showed that 70.591% of the variability was explained by two main components. The first component explained
51.295% of the total variation, and the second PC component had 19.295% of total
variance. The positive factor loading by both main components had the following
genotypes: Hit, Line 1, Line 2, NS 525, Obzor, Emon, Orfej, Kuber, Sajra, Odisej,
NS 589, Petra, and GK Judy. From the other side, the genotypes NS 525 and NS 589
belong to the same cluster group. These differences in grain chemical content may
be utilized in barley breeding programs particularly to produce varieties for specific
purpose, also for feed. From all tested genotypes, a few of them (NS 525, NS 589,
Hit, Line 2, and Odisej) can be used in barley breeding programs, like parents in
order to improve chemical composition in barley and also the nutritional grain
quality.
References
Ahmet AB, Bouhadjera K (2010) Assessment of metals accumulated in Durum wheat (Triticum
durum Desf.), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and agricultural soils. Afric J Agric Res 5:2795–2280
Akar T, Avci M, Dusunceli F (2004) Barley: Post-harvest operations. The Central Research
Institute for Field Crops. Edited by AGST/FAO, 64
Aman P, Newman CW (1986) Chemical composition of some different types of barley grown in
Montana, USA. J Cereal Sci 4:133–141
Aman P, Hesselman K, Tilly AC (1985) The variation in chemical composition of Swedish barleys.
J Cereal Sci 3:73–77
Anderson V, Lardy G, Bauer M, Swanson K, Zwinger S (2012) Barley grain and forage for beef
cattle. North Dakota State University, Fargo, pp 1–12
Anonymous (2013) FAO statistical year book. World Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Ayana A, Becele E (1999) Multivariate analysis of morphological variation in sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Genet Resour Crop Ev
46:273–284
Babaeian M, Tavassli A, Essmaeilian Y, Javaheri M (2012) Effects of Fe, Zn, Mg and manure on
seed germination character of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Afr J Microbiol Res 6:7302–7305
Bacha MA, Sabbah AM, Hamady MA (1997) Effect of foliar application of iron, zinc and manganese on yield, berry quality and leaf mineral composition of Thompson seedless and roomy red
grape cultivars. J King Saud Univ Sci 9:127–140
Bálint AF, Kovacs G, Erdei LJ (2001) Comparison of the Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg contents of the
grains of wild, ancient and cultivated wheat species. Cereal Res Commun 29:375–382
Belitz HD, Grosch W, Schieberle P (2004) Food chemistry, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, ISBN
978-3-662-07279-0
10 Chemometric Determination of Macro- and Microelements in Barley Genotypes…