299
et al. 2012). In plants, iron is involved in chlorophyll synthesis, and it is essential for
the maintenance of chloroplast structure and function.
In Table 10.10 are given the iron concentrations in tested barley varieties obtained
from the study. No statistical difference was noticed between Hit and NS 589 varieties. Those genotypes had the highest value of iron content (18.19 mg/kg and
17.95 mg/kg, respectively). The lowest iron concentration was recorded in Univers
and Liliana cultivars (7.04 mg/kg and 8.72 mg/kg, consequently). Those varieties
have the same origin (Romania) and belong to the six-row barley varieties. Generally,
six-row cultivars showed lower average value for iron content compared to barley
genotypes which have two-row spike morphology. No statistical differences were
obtained also between the following barley genotypes: Egej and Rex; Line 2 and
Kuber cultivars; Zlatko, NS 525, Orfej, and Imeon varieties; NS 565 and Emon; and
Devinija, Somborac, and Javor. The average value for iron content for all analyzed
barley varieties was 14.22 mg/kg with 1.52% coefficient of variation.
Ma et al. (2004) determined the iron content of 274 barley cultivars grown on the
same site in Japan. The concentration varied widely, from 24.6 to 63.3 mg/g with no
relationship to the type of barley (hulled or naked, two-rowed or six-rowed).
Copper (Cu) is a redox-active transition metal essential for plants, as well as for
all living organisms. It plays a key role in photosynthetic and respiratory electron
transport chains, ethylene sensing, cell wall metabolism, and oxidative stress protection. Plants require Cu for normal growth and development, and when it is not
available, plants develop specific deficiency symptoms, most of which affect young
leaves and reproductive organs.
From all tested barley varieties, only three genotypes had cooper content higher
than 2 mg/kg. NS 525 was the variety with the highest copper concentration
(2.06 mg/kg), followed by Odisej (2.02 mg/kg) and Orfej (2.00 mg/kg). The lowest
copper content was obtained by GK Stramm (1.27 mg/kg) and Univers (1.31 mg/
kg); both genotypes had six-row spike. Using LSD test, significant differences were
recorded, except between the following varieties: Hit, Zlatko, and Obzor varieties;
Line 1, Emon, Lardeya, and Sajra cultivars; Line 2 and NS 589 genotypes; Rex, NS
565, Zagorec, and Javor varieties; Imeon and Asparuh (Bulgarian varieties with
two-row spike); and Devinija and Kompolti korai cultivars. The average copper
content for all tested barley genotypes was 1.68 mg/kg with the highest coefficient
of variation (8.80%) between tested elements.
Zinc (Zn) is a plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions. Zinc deficiency is the widest spread micronutrient deficiency problem; almost
all crops, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are
expected to be deficient. Zinc deficiencies can affect plant by stunting its growth,
decreasing number of tillers, chlorosis and smaller leaves, increasing crop maturity
period, spikelet sterility, and inferior quality of harvested products. Zinc is a component of a number of enzymes. In Table 10.10 are presented the average values for
zinc content in all tested barley genotypes. Zinc content ranges from 3.27 mg/kg to
6.38 mg/kg. The average value for all tested barley varieties was 4.87 mg/kg, and
the percentage of variance was very small (0.65%). Data showed that genotypes
with six-row spike morphology had lower zinc content compared to varieties who
10 Chemometric Determination of Macro- and Microelements in Barley Genotypes…
et al. 2012). In plants, iron is involved in chlorophyll synthesis, and it is essential for
the maintenance of chloroplast structure and function.
In Table 10.10 are given the iron concentrations in tested barley varieties obtained
from the study. No statistical difference was noticed between Hit and NS 589 varieties. Those genotypes had the highest value of iron content (18.19 mg/kg and
17.95 mg/kg, respectively). The lowest iron concentration was recorded in Univers
and Liliana cultivars (7.04 mg/kg and 8.72 mg/kg, consequently). Those varieties
have the same origin (Romania) and belong to the six-row barley varieties. Generally,
six-row cultivars showed lower average value for iron content compared to barley
genotypes which have two-row spike morphology. No statistical differences were
obtained also between the following barley genotypes: Egej and Rex; Line 2 and
Kuber cultivars; Zlatko, NS 525, Orfej, and Imeon varieties; NS 565 and Emon; and
Devinija, Somborac, and Javor. The average value for iron content for all analyzed
barley varieties was 14.22 mg/kg with 1.52% coefficient of variation.
Ma et al. (2004) determined the iron content of 274 barley cultivars grown on the
same site in Japan. The concentration varied widely, from 24.6 to 63.3 mg/g with no
relationship to the type of barley (hulled or naked, two-rowed or six-rowed).
Copper (Cu) is a redox-active transition metal essential for plants, as well as for
all living organisms. It plays a key role in photosynthetic and respiratory electron
transport chains, ethylene sensing, cell wall metabolism, and oxidative stress protection. Plants require Cu for normal growth and development, and when it is not
available, plants develop specific deficiency symptoms, most of which affect young
leaves and reproductive organs.
From all tested barley varieties, only three genotypes had cooper content higher
than 2 mg/kg. NS 525 was the variety with the highest copper concentration
(2.06 mg/kg), followed by Odisej (2.02 mg/kg) and Orfej (2.00 mg/kg). The lowest
copper content was obtained by GK Stramm (1.27 mg/kg) and Univers (1.31 mg/
kg); both genotypes had six-row spike. Using LSD test, significant differences were
recorded, except between the following varieties: Hit, Zlatko, and Obzor varieties;
Line 1, Emon, Lardeya, and Sajra cultivars; Line 2 and NS 589 genotypes; Rex, NS
565, Zagorec, and Javor varieties; Imeon and Asparuh (Bulgarian varieties with
two-row spike); and Devinija and Kompolti korai cultivars. The average copper
content for all tested barley genotypes was 1.68 mg/kg with the highest coefficient
of variation (8.80%) between tested elements.
Zinc (Zn) is a plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions. Zinc deficiency is the widest spread micronutrient deficiency problem; almost
all crops, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are
expected to be deficient. Zinc deficiencies can affect plant by stunting its growth,
decreasing number of tillers, chlorosis and smaller leaves, increasing crop maturity
period, spikelet sterility, and inferior quality of harvested products. Zinc is a component of a number of enzymes. In Table 10.10 are presented the average values for
zinc content in all tested barley genotypes. Zinc content ranges from 3.27 mg/kg to
6.38 mg/kg. The average value for all tested barley varieties was 4.87 mg/kg, and
the percentage of variance was very small (0.65%). Data showed that genotypes
with six-row spike morphology had lower zinc content compared to varieties who
10 Chemometric Determination of Macro- and Microelements in Barley Genotypes…