120
covered almost the entire investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija. The map of
the air quality indication shows the “struggle” zone in Kuršumlija including peripheral parts of the city marked with shades of light orange – a smaller, mostly peripheral part of the study area where the research points are characterized by values of
25 ≤ IAP ≤ 37.5 – and dark orange, most of the surface of the area where the points
of research are located, whose values are 12.5 ≤ IAP ≤ 25.
The zone of the “lichen desert” on the general chart is shown in shades of distinct
red (Fig. 4.5). According to the scale of air quality assessment, the “lichen desert”
zone is characterized by extremely high and very high air pollution (Tаble 4.1). IAP
values indicating an extremely high degree of pollution were not obtained in this
paper. The zone of the “lichen desert” is characterized by the values of 0 < IAP ≤ 12.5.
This zone is present in the investigated area of the center of Kuršumlija.
4.5.3.2 Kuršumlijа Cаse Study (Cаse 1)
On the map of the town of Kuršumlija, we notice the presence of two basic zones of
lichen indication (Fig. 4.6). The lichen “struggle” zone is located in the larger part
of the investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija, while the “lichen desert” zone
covers another, smaller part of the area. The picture of the distribution of lichen
zones of air quality indication in the investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija
shows that the basic zones are not monolithic, but there is a division into subzones
in this area. The “struggle” zone (В) in the investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija
is divided into two subzones. The first subzone or “outer struggle zone” (B 1 ) covers
the northeastern and northwestern part of the urban investigated area. Investigated
points 1, 5, 12, and 13 are located in this subzone. The IAP values of these points
range from 24 to 28, which are the highest IAP values in relation to other points of
the town investigated area. The second formed subzone or “the inner struggle zone”
(B 2 ) continues to the “lichen desert” zone and extends to the southeastern part of the
city area. It includes nine investigated points (2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15). The
IAP values range from 14 (point 7) to 23 (point 2).
The zone of “lichen desert” (С) covers the center of the town and is characterized
by the presence of only two points of research – 3 and 4. This zone is characterized
by very low IAP values – 10 and 11. This zone occupies a small part of the area,
primarily the socially active town center. This is expected because it is under a more
intense anthropogenic influence. However, this zone shows tendencies toward a
possible transition to a “struggle” zone, because the presence of species that are
moderately tolerant to air pollution, such as Lecidella elaeochroma, has been
recorded at the mentioned points. The “struggle” zone includes points which had
higher IAP values, so the conclusion is that this part of the area is characterized by
a higher degree of air quality.
The biggest problem when it comes to air quality in Kuršumlija is the pollution
incurred by the “Kopaonik” wood industry where fuel oil and wood waste are used
for heating work rooms and for the steam boiler needs in the production process.
The combustion of these substances constantly emits pollutants, with a large amount
of inert dust. In addition to “Kopaonik,” boiler rooms of other work organizations
S. Ristić et al.
covered almost the entire investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija. The map of
the air quality indication shows the “struggle” zone in Kuršumlija including peripheral parts of the city marked with shades of light orange – a smaller, mostly peripheral part of the study area where the research points are characterized by values of
25 ≤ IAP ≤ 37.5 – and dark orange, most of the surface of the area where the points
of research are located, whose values are 12.5 ≤ IAP ≤ 25.
The zone of the “lichen desert” on the general chart is shown in shades of distinct
red (Fig. 4.5). According to the scale of air quality assessment, the “lichen desert”
zone is characterized by extremely high and very high air pollution (Tаble 4.1). IAP
values indicating an extremely high degree of pollution were not obtained in this
paper. The zone of the “lichen desert” is characterized by the values of 0 < IAP ≤ 12.5.
This zone is present in the investigated area of the center of Kuršumlija.
4.5.3.2 Kuršumlijа Cаse Study (Cаse 1)
On the map of the town of Kuršumlija, we notice the presence of two basic zones of
lichen indication (Fig. 4.6). The lichen “struggle” zone is located in the larger part
of the investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija, while the “lichen desert” zone
covers another, smaller part of the area. The picture of the distribution of lichen
zones of air quality indication in the investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija
shows that the basic zones are not monolithic, but there is a division into subzones
in this area. The “struggle” zone (В) in the investigated area of the town of Kuršumlija
is divided into two subzones. The first subzone or “outer struggle zone” (B 1 ) covers
the northeastern and northwestern part of the urban investigated area. Investigated
points 1, 5, 12, and 13 are located in this subzone. The IAP values of these points
range from 24 to 28, which are the highest IAP values in relation to other points of
the town investigated area. The second formed subzone or “the inner struggle zone”
(B 2 ) continues to the “lichen desert” zone and extends to the southeastern part of the
city area. It includes nine investigated points (2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15). The
IAP values range from 14 (point 7) to 23 (point 2).
The zone of “lichen desert” (С) covers the center of the town and is characterized
by the presence of only two points of research – 3 and 4. This zone is characterized
by very low IAP values – 10 and 11. This zone occupies a small part of the area,
primarily the socially active town center. This is expected because it is under a more
intense anthropogenic influence. However, this zone shows tendencies toward a
possible transition to a “struggle” zone, because the presence of species that are
moderately tolerant to air pollution, such as Lecidella elaeochroma, has been
recorded at the mentioned points. The “struggle” zone includes points which had
higher IAP values, so the conclusion is that this part of the area is characterized by
a higher degree of air quality.
The biggest problem when it comes to air quality in Kuršumlija is the pollution
incurred by the “Kopaonik” wood industry where fuel oil and wood waste are used
for heating work rooms and for the steam boiler needs in the production process.
The combustion of these substances constantly emits pollutants, with a large amount
of inert dust. In addition to “Kopaonik,” boiler rooms of other work organizations
S. Ristić et al.