118
species that have an extremely low frequency (6.67%) was also confirmed in the
area of investigation: Lecanora confusa, L. glabrata, M. subargentifera, Parmelia
conspersa, Parmelina quercina, Physconia detersa, P. distorta, Rhizocarpon geographicum, and Rinodina colobina.
The substrate on which the presence of lichens was recorded, and from which
samples of individual species were collected, was most often the bark of plant species: Quercus frainetto Ten., Q. cerris L., Prunus domestica L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Juglans regia L.
For the study area, the range of variation of IAP values ranged from 40 to 56. IHI
values ranged from 8 to 24. The lowest value was calculated at point 9, while the
highest value was calculated at point 3 (Table 4.3).
Different investigated points ascertained the presence of different numbers and
composition of taxa; therefore the variation of IAP values was noticed accordingly.
IHI values at different investigated points also differed depending on the values of
general environmental parameters: degree of urbanization, traffic intensity, local
development, and exposure.
Based on the results of variation of IAP and IHI values at different investigated
points, it is noticeable that these values are inversely proportional. The investigated
points at which high IAP values were calculated were characterized by low IHI
values and vice versa. The results clearly show that the highest IHI values were
recorded in the investigated area of Kuršumlija. The calculated IAP values were
also the lowest in this area.
The air quality of this ecosystem was analyzed for the first time using the
biological- lichenological indication of air quality in the papers in 2020 (Ristić et al.
2020; Djekić et al. 2020).
4.5.3 Mapping the Air Quality Indication Zone
To determine the zones of lichen indication of air pollution, science has developed
very sophisticated methods with statistical calculations, as well as appropriate computer programs, all with the aim of avoiding subjectivity while determining zones of
different degrees of air pollution. At the same time, their consistent application
makes it possible to compare research in different and, at the same time, very distant areas.
By arranging the points of research on the basis of the IAP value on the map of
the research area, the contours of the boundaries of the lichen indication zones of
different degrees of air quality of the investigated area are obtained. In order to more
clearly and precisely visualize the obtained indication zones, various tools of geographic information systems are used.
Geographic information systems are successfully applied in various ecological
studies with the aim of detecting, identifying, describing, and monitoring the state
of the environment in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in a modern and reliable way. This is a very useful tool in estimating the spatial distribution of air
pollution. Many authors point out the value of implementing the GIS application in
S. Ristić et al.
species that have an extremely low frequency (6.67%) was also confirmed in the
area of investigation: Lecanora confusa, L. glabrata, M. subargentifera, Parmelia
conspersa, Parmelina quercina, Physconia detersa, P. distorta, Rhizocarpon geographicum, and Rinodina colobina.
The substrate on which the presence of lichens was recorded, and from which
samples of individual species were collected, was most often the bark of plant species: Quercus frainetto Ten., Q. cerris L., Prunus domestica L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Juglans regia L.
For the study area, the range of variation of IAP values ranged from 40 to 56. IHI
values ranged from 8 to 24. The lowest value was calculated at point 9, while the
highest value was calculated at point 3 (Table 4.3).
Different investigated points ascertained the presence of different numbers and
composition of taxa; therefore the variation of IAP values was noticed accordingly.
IHI values at different investigated points also differed depending on the values of
general environmental parameters: degree of urbanization, traffic intensity, local
development, and exposure.
Based on the results of variation of IAP and IHI values at different investigated
points, it is noticeable that these values are inversely proportional. The investigated
points at which high IAP values were calculated were characterized by low IHI
values and vice versa. The results clearly show that the highest IHI values were
recorded in the investigated area of Kuršumlija. The calculated IAP values were
also the lowest in this area.
The air quality of this ecosystem was analyzed for the first time using the
biological- lichenological indication of air quality in the papers in 2020 (Ristić et al.
2020; Djekić et al. 2020).
4.5.3 Mapping the Air Quality Indication Zone
To determine the zones of lichen indication of air pollution, science has developed
very sophisticated methods with statistical calculations, as well as appropriate computer programs, all with the aim of avoiding subjectivity while determining zones of
different degrees of air pollution. At the same time, their consistent application
makes it possible to compare research in different and, at the same time, very distant areas.
By arranging the points of research on the basis of the IAP value on the map of
the research area, the contours of the boundaries of the lichen indication zones of
different degrees of air quality of the investigated area are obtained. In order to more
clearly and precisely visualize the obtained indication zones, various tools of geographic information systems are used.
Geographic information systems are successfully applied in various ecological
studies with the aim of detecting, identifying, describing, and monitoring the state
of the environment in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in a modern and reliable way. This is a very useful tool in estimating the spatial distribution of air
pollution. Many authors point out the value of implementing the GIS application in
S. Ristić et al.