Carbon Footprint of Karnataka: Accounting of Sources and Sinks
63
CH 4 EntericFermentation =
I
(EF I × N I )/10
6
(2)
where, EF I is an emission factor for the individual livestock category, N I is the
number of animals of livestock for category I. The emission from manure depends
on volatile solids or ruminants, their productivity, and manure handling system [51].
Methane emission due to manure management is estimated as,
CH 4 Manuremanagement =
I
(EF I × N I )/10
6
(3)
where EF I is an emission factor for each livestock category; N I is the number
of livestock for category I in the region. Further, CO 2 equivalent values have been
estimated across the grids for the fermentation and manure emissions.
Paddy cultivation is another major activity across the globe, contributing for 20%
methane emission [64]. Paddy is grown in all taluks of Karnataka state and emission
from paddy (Oryza sativa) is estimated across the grids as,
CH 4 Paddy = [E F × T × A]
(4)
where EF is the daily emission factor (kg CH 4 /Ha/Day), T is the cultivation period,
A is the harvested area (in two seasons-Kharif; Rabi).
3.2.3 Domestic
The fuelwood consumption is causing deforestation and an increase in C02 emission. The Per Capita Fuel Consumption (PCFC) was analyzed to account fuelwood
consumption pattern across the agroclimatic zones of state and determined the carbon
emissions (EFC) as,
E F W C = [N H × PC FC × E F]
(4)
where EFWC is carbon emission from fuelwood consumption in rural households,
PCFC is per capita fuel consumption (which was computed as ration of fuelwood
consumed in kgs/day and number of adults in a household), EF is emission factor.
The waste generated per household level is also contributing to the CH 4 emissions
due to the disorganized management of waste across the state. The waste generated
across individual households of Karnataka at the grid level has been estimated considering 0.35 g per person per day [45]. The average of four people per household was
considered for a total of 2,281,419 households. The emission from waste per year is
calculated as,
E W C = [0.35 × N H × 365]
(5)
63
CH 4 EntericFermentation =
I
(EF I × N I )/10
6
(2)
where, EF I is an emission factor for the individual livestock category, N I is the
number of animals of livestock for category I. The emission from manure depends
on volatile solids or ruminants, their productivity, and manure handling system [51].
Methane emission due to manure management is estimated as,
CH 4 Manuremanagement =
I
(EF I × N I )/10
6
(3)
where EF I is an emission factor for each livestock category; N I is the number
of livestock for category I in the region. Further, CO 2 equivalent values have been
estimated across the grids for the fermentation and manure emissions.
Paddy cultivation is another major activity across the globe, contributing for 20%
methane emission [64]. Paddy is grown in all taluks of Karnataka state and emission
from paddy (Oryza sativa) is estimated across the grids as,
CH 4 Paddy = [E F × T × A]
(4)
where EF is the daily emission factor (kg CH 4 /Ha/Day), T is the cultivation period,
A is the harvested area (in two seasons-Kharif; Rabi).
3.2.3 Domestic
The fuelwood consumption is causing deforestation and an increase in C02 emission. The Per Capita Fuel Consumption (PCFC) was analyzed to account fuelwood
consumption pattern across the agroclimatic zones of state and determined the carbon
emissions (EFC) as,
E F W C = [N H × PC FC × E F]
(4)
where EFWC is carbon emission from fuelwood consumption in rural households,
PCFC is per capita fuel consumption (which was computed as ration of fuelwood
consumed in kgs/day and number of adults in a household), EF is emission factor.
The waste generated per household level is also contributing to the CH 4 emissions
due to the disorganized management of waste across the state. The waste generated
across individual households of Karnataka at the grid level has been estimated considering 0.35 g per person per day [45]. The average of four people per household was
considered for a total of 2,281,419 households. The emission from waste per year is
calculated as,
E W C = [0.35 × N H × 365]
(5)