Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Management …
155
and N 2 O) are major contributors to GHG emissions. Since GHG emissions are an
escalating problem with simultaneous increase in MSW generation; it necessitates
an urgent action to combat the issue globally. Inculcation of 5R principle, expansion
of waste collection area, waste segregation at source, advanced inculcation in waste
management system, utilization of compost as manure, and reclamation of abandoned landfills by vegetation are the sustainable options to mitigate the global issue
of GHG emissions. Besides, awareness, implementation of strict norms, regulations,
and policies would be additives in regulating the problem.
Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to the Head, Department of Botany, the Coordinator,
Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences and CAS in Botany, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi.
Meenu Gautam is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (09/013(0857)/2018EMR-I), New Delhi, for the financial aid in the form of Research Associateship.
References
1. Abdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MS (2018) Solid waste issue: sources, composition, disposal,
recycling, and valorization. Egyptian J Petrol 27(4):1275–1290
2. Ahluwalia IJ, Patel U (2018) Solid waste management in India: an assessment of resource
recovery and environmental impact. Indian Council for Research on International Economic
Relations. https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/8143/Working_Paper_356.pdf?seq
uence=1. Accessed 20 June 2020
3. Allsopp M, Page R, Johnston P, Santillo D (2009). State of the world’s oceans. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9116-2. Accessed 21 July 2020
4. Blanco G, Gerlagh R, Suh S, Barrett J, de Coninck HC, Morejon CFD, Mathur R, NakicenovicN, et al (2014) Drivers, trends and mitigation. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of
Climate Change. IPCC Working Group III Contribution to AR5. Cambridge University Press.
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/i. Accessed 16 July 2020
5. Bogner J, Ahmed AM, Diaz C, Faaij A, Gao Q, Hashimoto S, Mareckova K, Pipatti R, Zhang
T (2007) Waste management. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (Eds)
Climate change 2007: mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to
the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge
University Press, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
6. Bölükba¸ s A, Akıncı G (2018) Solid waste composition and the properties of biodegradable
fractions in Izmir City, Turkey: an investigation on the influencing factors. J Environ Health
Sci Eng 16(2):299–311
7. Brown BE, Dunne RP, Somerfield PJ, Edwards AJ, Simons WJF, Phongsuwan N, Naeije MC
(2019) Long-term impacts of rising sea temperature and sea level on shallow water coral
communities over a ~ 40 year period. Sci Rep 9(1):1–12
8. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) 2020. https://www.cseindia.org/. Accessed 28
July 2020
9. Chen DMC, Bodirsky BL, Krueger T, Mishra A, Popp A (2020) The world’s growing
municipal solid waste: trends and impacts. Environ Res Lett 15(7):074021
10. Cheng H, Hu Y (2010) Curbing dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incineration
in China: re-thinking about management policies and practices. Environ Pollut 158(9):2809–
2814
11. Chiemchaisri C, Visvanathan C (2008) Greenhouse gas emission potential of the municipal
solid waste disposal sites in Thailand. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 58(5):629–635
155
and N 2 O) are major contributors to GHG emissions. Since GHG emissions are an
escalating problem with simultaneous increase in MSW generation; it necessitates
an urgent action to combat the issue globally. Inculcation of 5R principle, expansion
of waste collection area, waste segregation at source, advanced inculcation in waste
management system, utilization of compost as manure, and reclamation of abandoned landfills by vegetation are the sustainable options to mitigate the global issue
of GHG emissions. Besides, awareness, implementation of strict norms, regulations,
and policies would be additives in regulating the problem.
Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to the Head, Department of Botany, the Coordinator,
Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences and CAS in Botany, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi.
Meenu Gautam is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (09/013(0857)/2018EMR-I), New Delhi, for the financial aid in the form of Research Associateship.
References
1. Abdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MS (2018) Solid waste issue: sources, composition, disposal,
recycling, and valorization. Egyptian J Petrol 27(4):1275–1290
2. Ahluwalia IJ, Patel U (2018) Solid waste management in India: an assessment of resource
recovery and environmental impact. Indian Council for Research on International Economic
Relations. https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/8143/Working_Paper_356.pdf?seq
uence=1. Accessed 20 June 2020
3. Allsopp M, Page R, Johnston P, Santillo D (2009). State of the world’s oceans. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9116-2. Accessed 21 July 2020
4. Blanco G, Gerlagh R, Suh S, Barrett J, de Coninck HC, Morejon CFD, Mathur R, NakicenovicN, et al (2014) Drivers, trends and mitigation. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of
Climate Change. IPCC Working Group III Contribution to AR5. Cambridge University Press.
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/i. Accessed 16 July 2020
5. Bogner J, Ahmed AM, Diaz C, Faaij A, Gao Q, Hashimoto S, Mareckova K, Pipatti R, Zhang
T (2007) Waste management. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (Eds)
Climate change 2007: mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to
the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge
University Press, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
6. Bölükba¸ s A, Akıncı G (2018) Solid waste composition and the properties of biodegradable
fractions in Izmir City, Turkey: an investigation on the influencing factors. J Environ Health
Sci Eng 16(2):299–311
7. Brown BE, Dunne RP, Somerfield PJ, Edwards AJ, Simons WJF, Phongsuwan N, Naeije MC
(2019) Long-term impacts of rising sea temperature and sea level on shallow water coral
communities over a ~ 40 year period. Sci Rep 9(1):1–12
8. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) 2020. https://www.cseindia.org/. Accessed 28
July 2020
9. Chen DMC, Bodirsky BL, Krueger T, Mishra A, Popp A (2020) The world’s growing
municipal solid waste: trends and impacts. Environ Res Lett 15(7):074021
10. Cheng H, Hu Y (2010) Curbing dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incineration
in China: re-thinking about management policies and practices. Environ Pollut 158(9):2809–
2814
11. Chiemchaisri C, Visvanathan C (2008) Greenhouse gas emission potential of the municipal
solid waste disposal sites in Thailand. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 58(5):629–635