142
M. Gautam and M. Agrawal
waste-to-energy recovery reveals that cumulative application of gas collection from
landfills and power generation can reduce GHG emissions from food waste by 44%
(i.e., from 2708 to 1524 kg CO 2 e t
−1 dry mass) when compared with conventional
landfilling of MSW [57].
6.3 GHG Emissions from MSW Management in India
Generation scenario of MSW in different states of India shows that Uttar Pradesh
followed by Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Delhi are the major contributors of generated MSW India. Ahluwalia and Patel [2] showed a trend of MSW
generation in top five metropolitan cities as the highest in Delhi followed by Mumbai,
Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru in India (Table 5). In India, >60% of MSW
constitutes organic material [8] (Fig. 7a). As per statistic 2014, MSW was majorly
contributed by 51% biodegradable wastes, 10% plastics, 7% paper, and 32% other
wastes such as textile, glass, metal, drain slit, street sweeping, and inert materials
[70].
Annual report of 2016 from Municipal Corporation of different cities showed that
door-to-door collection of wastes from households was facilitated in most of the cities
in India and percentage of collected wastes varied from 25 to 100% depending upon
the available resources [2] (Fig. 7b). While, more than 50% of waste segregation at
source was expedited at Bengaluru and Mysuru of Karnataka, Pune of Maharashtra,
Indore of Madhya Pradesh, Tirunelveli of Tamil Nadu, Alappuzha of Kerala, and
Panaji of Goa. Installed capacity of compost plant in 20 states of India varied from
90 to 4,88,400 t year
−1 [17]. Furthermore, installed capacity of Biomethanation plants
in Pune, Bengaluru, Solapur, and Chennai were 300, 250, 400, and 30 t day
−1 [2].
Capacity of refused derived fuel in various cities in India was varied from 200 to 500 t
day
−1 [2]. Waste to energy recovery plants with capacity of 1300–2000, 1000–2400,
300, 600, and 70 t day
−1 were installed with electricity generation unit of 14–24,
11–20, 2.9, 9, and 1.75 MW in Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Jabalpur, and Shimla [2].
Total number of known landfill sites in different cities of India varies from 1 to 3 [14],
and the amount of wastes discarded to landfills by different states is illustrated in
Table 5. Emanations of GHGs during the management of MSW in varying regions of
India are detailed in Table 6 [31]. Ahluwalia and Patel [2] reported that the emissions
of GHGs from landfill sites in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Pune, Indore,
and Chandigarh were 643.7, 920.8, 535.3, 337.3, 74.9, 56.2, and 36.1 kt CO 2 e day
−1 ,
respectively.
M. Gautam and M. Agrawal
waste-to-energy recovery reveals that cumulative application of gas collection from
landfills and power generation can reduce GHG emissions from food waste by 44%
(i.e., from 2708 to 1524 kg CO 2 e t
−1 dry mass) when compared with conventional
landfilling of MSW [57].
6.3 GHG Emissions from MSW Management in India
Generation scenario of MSW in different states of India shows that Uttar Pradesh
followed by Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Delhi are the major contributors of generated MSW India. Ahluwalia and Patel [2] showed a trend of MSW
generation in top five metropolitan cities as the highest in Delhi followed by Mumbai,
Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru in India (Table 5). In India, >60% of MSW
constitutes organic material [8] (Fig. 7a). As per statistic 2014, MSW was majorly
contributed by 51% biodegradable wastes, 10% plastics, 7% paper, and 32% other
wastes such as textile, glass, metal, drain slit, street sweeping, and inert materials
[70].
Annual report of 2016 from Municipal Corporation of different cities showed that
door-to-door collection of wastes from households was facilitated in most of the cities
in India and percentage of collected wastes varied from 25 to 100% depending upon
the available resources [2] (Fig. 7b). While, more than 50% of waste segregation at
source was expedited at Bengaluru and Mysuru of Karnataka, Pune of Maharashtra,
Indore of Madhya Pradesh, Tirunelveli of Tamil Nadu, Alappuzha of Kerala, and
Panaji of Goa. Installed capacity of compost plant in 20 states of India varied from
90 to 4,88,400 t year
−1 [17]. Furthermore, installed capacity of Biomethanation plants
in Pune, Bengaluru, Solapur, and Chennai were 300, 250, 400, and 30 t day
−1 [2].
Capacity of refused derived fuel in various cities in India was varied from 200 to 500 t
day
−1 [2]. Waste to energy recovery plants with capacity of 1300–2000, 1000–2400,
300, 600, and 70 t day
−1 were installed with electricity generation unit of 14–24,
11–20, 2.9, 9, and 1.75 MW in Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Jabalpur, and Shimla [2].
Total number of known landfill sites in different cities of India varies from 1 to 3 [14],
and the amount of wastes discarded to landfills by different states is illustrated in
Table 5. Emanations of GHGs during the management of MSW in varying regions of
India are detailed in Table 6 [31]. Ahluwalia and Patel [2] reported that the emissions
of GHGs from landfill sites in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Pune, Indore,
and Chandigarh were 643.7, 920.8, 535.3, 337.3, 74.9, 56.2, and 36.1 kt CO 2 e day
−1 ,
respectively.