72
V. Nawandar et al.
Table 18 ISI for Mode 1
RVA
4.3331
Million Rs
GHG
1.1
tCO 2
EMP
13
person
ISI
51.2
Million Rs-persons/tCO 2
the increasing number of layers. It can be majorly because the use of stitching wire
per-unit weight of the box decreases significantly.
Also, the ISI of the industry for this mode is calculated as summarized in Table 18.
It can be compared with the ISI of the industry with existing conditions from Sect. 0.
g. Mode 2
Replacing just the electric heaters with the LPG based gas burners is the cheapest
of all modes discussed. This mode just reduces the impact of energy used for heating
during corrugation, while the rest of the energy needs will be still met by gridsupplied electricity. Thus, the impact of this mode is least of all the energy modes.
The impact of this mode can be depicted in Table 19.
It can be observed that the impact of economic and environmental benefits of this
mode is less as compared to Mode 1, due to the use of LPG for heating purposes only.
It should also be considered that the investment of this mode is less, and accordingly,
the impact can be observed.
The ISI calculation for this mode is summarized in Table 20. The RVA has
increased due to savings of energy cost due to the use of LPG over grid-connected
electricity. Also, the emissions impact is reduced due to use of LPG directly instead
of converting low grade of energy (heat) to high grade of energy (electricity) which
has less overall efficiency for heating.
h. Mode 3
Table 19 Product-based EF and cost per ton for Mode 2
Raw material
SFB
SWB
DWB
TWB
EF (raw material) (gha)
0.44226
0.45818
0.45352
0.45012
EF (energy) (gha)
0.03071
0.03327
0.03114
0.03118
EF (manpower) (gha)
0.01115
0.01208
0.01131
0.01132
EF (transportation) (gha)
0.00313
0.00324
0.00318
0.00315
EF (land) (gha)
0.000005
0.000005
0.000005
0.000005
Total EF (gha)
0.48726
0.50680
0.49917
0.49580
Cost (raw material) (Rs)
25,069.96
25,765.02
25,458.64
25,248.02
Cost (energy) (Rs)
906.24
982.01
919.01
920.09
Cost (manpower) (Rs)
3272.03
3545.56
3318.10
3322.01
Cost (transportation) (Rs)
906.74
945.70
927.13
918.28
Total cost (Rs)
30,154.99
31,238.28
30,622.86
30,408.39
V. Nawandar et al.
Table 18 ISI for Mode 1
RVA
4.3331
Million Rs
GHG
1.1
tCO 2
EMP
13
person
ISI
51.2
Million Rs-persons/tCO 2
the increasing number of layers. It can be majorly because the use of stitching wire
per-unit weight of the box decreases significantly.
Also, the ISI of the industry for this mode is calculated as summarized in Table 18.
It can be compared with the ISI of the industry with existing conditions from Sect. 0.
g. Mode 2
Replacing just the electric heaters with the LPG based gas burners is the cheapest
of all modes discussed. This mode just reduces the impact of energy used for heating
during corrugation, while the rest of the energy needs will be still met by gridsupplied electricity. Thus, the impact of this mode is least of all the energy modes.
The impact of this mode can be depicted in Table 19.
It can be observed that the impact of economic and environmental benefits of this
mode is less as compared to Mode 1, due to the use of LPG for heating purposes only.
It should also be considered that the investment of this mode is less, and accordingly,
the impact can be observed.
The ISI calculation for this mode is summarized in Table 20. The RVA has
increased due to savings of energy cost due to the use of LPG over grid-connected
electricity. Also, the emissions impact is reduced due to use of LPG directly instead
of converting low grade of energy (heat) to high grade of energy (electricity) which
has less overall efficiency for heating.
h. Mode 3
Table 19 Product-based EF and cost per ton for Mode 2
Raw material
SFB
SWB
DWB
TWB
EF (raw material) (gha)
0.44226
0.45818
0.45352
0.45012
EF (energy) (gha)
0.03071
0.03327
0.03114
0.03118
EF (manpower) (gha)
0.01115
0.01208
0.01131
0.01132
EF (transportation) (gha)
0.00313
0.00324
0.00318
0.00315
EF (land) (gha)
0.000005
0.000005
0.000005
0.000005
Total EF (gha)
0.48726
0.50680
0.49917
0.49580
Cost (raw material) (Rs)
25,069.96
25,765.02
25,458.64
25,248.02
Cost (energy) (Rs)
906.24
982.01
919.01
920.09
Cost (manpower) (Rs)
3272.03
3545.56
3318.10
3322.01
Cost (transportation) (Rs)
906.74
945.70
927.13
918.28
Total cost (Rs)
30,154.99
31,238.28
30,622.86
30,408.39