64
V. Nawandar et al.
Table 5 EF of input energy
and resources
Resource
Unit
EF of
resources
EF of
transportation
Kraft paper gha/ton
0.4280
0.0031
Modified
starch
gha/ton
1.1972
0.0042
Stitching
wire
gha/ton
1.095
0.0099
Glue
gha/ton
0.6836
0.0001
Grid
electricity
gha/kWh
0.0004
–
PV
electricity
gha/kWh
0.00002
–
LPG
gha/ton
1.1
–
Water
gha/m 3
0.394
–
Land
gha/ton of
product
0.00000588
Table 6 Resources required per ton of product
Resource
SFB
SWB
DWB
TWB
Kraft paper (kg/ton)
981.65
958.85
965.20
971.18
Starch (kg/ton)
18.34
25.10
26.33
26.71
Stitching wire (kg/ton)
0
16.04
7.12
2.10
Fevicol (kg/ton)
0
0
1.34
0
Total weight
1000
1000
1000
1000
Grid electricity (kWh/ton)
146.99
159.28
149.07
149.24
Manpower (labour-h/ton)
99.15
107.44
100.54
100.67
Water (L/ton)
73.39
100.39
105.33
106.85
Table 7 Ecological footprint gha/ton product
SFB
SWB
DWB
TWB
EF (raw material)
0.44226
0.45818
0.45352
0.45013
EF (energy)
0.05879
0.06371
0.05962
0.05969
EF (manpower)
0.01117
0.01211
0.01133
0.01134
EF (transportation)
0.00313
0.00324
0.00318
0.00315
EF (land)
0.0000058
0.0000058
0.0000058
0.0000058
Ecological Footprint
0.51537
0.53725
0.52767
0.52433