44
V. Nawandar et al.
Industry Industrial
System
Input Energy
Output (finished goods)
CO2 Emissions (Direct or Indirect)
Water
Employment (Social Benefit)
Raw Material
Envelope
Energy/Steam/Water (if applicable)
Fig. 1 Sustainability analysis for an industrial system
ISI =
(RVA) × (EMP)
CO 2 emissions
(1)
Here, the term “RVA” represents the resource value addition (i.e. the difference
of the total annual economic values of material, water and energy outputs [products]
and that of inputs); it is represented here as million Rs per year. The limitation
of RVA using Indian currency (Rs) can be overcome if the RVA is expressed in US
dollars with purchasing power parity (i.e. PPP $). The use of purchasing power parity
can make the RVA units universal in nature rather than being country-specific. The
term “EMP” represents the total number of persons employed by the industry in a
year. This refers to manpower with full-time employment (FTE, i.e. 8 h per day). The
manpower employed for less than 8 h per day can be proportionately converted to the
equivalent FTE. For example, employment for 4 h per day would be equivalent to 0.5
FTE. The term “CO 2 emissions” represents the total annual carbon dioxide emissions
(direct and indirect) by the industry during its production process (in tCO 2 per year).
Thus, the ISI value is expressed in terms of million Rs* persons per tCO 2 emissions,
henceforth expressed as “units” [15].
All these indicators are used to compare the sustainability level of two industries, similar or dissimilar, and also some might be useful to compare the impact
of improved industrial practices by the previous ones. But, none of these indicators
gives the actual impact of any industry on the environment. The measurement of
natural resources exploitation rate is expressed in terms of ecological footprint. This
chapter will assess the industry by Ecological Footprint (EF) to estimate the actual
environmental impact caused by an industry as well as the Industrial Sustainability
Index (ISI as defined in Eq. 1) to check whether the suggested modifications actually
improve the sustainability of the industry overall.
After the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century, economic and industrial
developments have occurred drastically. With that has increased the use of energy
utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. The energy is mainly obtained by
fossil fuels like petroleum products, natural gas, nuclear resources and biomass. The
primary energy and electricity requirement of the world has increased from 71,013 to
V. Nawandar et al.
Industry Industrial
System
Input Energy
Output (finished goods)
CO2 Emissions (Direct or Indirect)
Water
Employment (Social Benefit)
Raw Material
Envelope
Energy/Steam/Water (if applicable)
Fig. 1 Sustainability analysis for an industrial system
ISI =
(RVA) × (EMP)
CO 2 emissions
(1)
Here, the term “RVA” represents the resource value addition (i.e. the difference
of the total annual economic values of material, water and energy outputs [products]
and that of inputs); it is represented here as million Rs per year. The limitation
of RVA using Indian currency (Rs) can be overcome if the RVA is expressed in US
dollars with purchasing power parity (i.e. PPP $). The use of purchasing power parity
can make the RVA units universal in nature rather than being country-specific. The
term “EMP” represents the total number of persons employed by the industry in a
year. This refers to manpower with full-time employment (FTE, i.e. 8 h per day). The
manpower employed for less than 8 h per day can be proportionately converted to the
equivalent FTE. For example, employment for 4 h per day would be equivalent to 0.5
FTE. The term “CO 2 emissions” represents the total annual carbon dioxide emissions
(direct and indirect) by the industry during its production process (in tCO 2 per year).
Thus, the ISI value is expressed in terms of million Rs* persons per tCO 2 emissions,
henceforth expressed as “units” [15].
All these indicators are used to compare the sustainability level of two industries, similar or dissimilar, and also some might be useful to compare the impact
of improved industrial practices by the previous ones. But, none of these indicators
gives the actual impact of any industry on the environment. The measurement of
natural resources exploitation rate is expressed in terms of ecological footprint. This
chapter will assess the industry by Ecological Footprint (EF) to estimate the actual
environmental impact caused by an industry as well as the Industrial Sustainability
Index (ISI as defined in Eq. 1) to check whether the suggested modifications actually
improve the sustainability of the industry overall.
After the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century, economic and industrial
developments have occurred drastically. With that has increased the use of energy
utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. The energy is mainly obtained by
fossil fuels like petroleum products, natural gas, nuclear resources and biomass. The
primary energy and electricity requirement of the world has increased from 71,013 to