Ecological Footprint of the Life Cycle of Buildings
15
Table 1 EF calculation equations (self-made from [18])
Equation
Manpower
EF foi : Partial Ecological Footprint of food consumption in EF category i (gha/yr)
EF f o i =
Hw
H d
· 0.61 ·
EF i
365
1
H w : Total number of hours worked per year (h/year)
H d : Number of hours worked per day (8 h/day)
0.61: Breakfast and lunch as a percentage of the total daily food intake of a Spanish adult (61%)
EF i : Footprint of food consumption in EF category i (gha/person)
365: Days in a year
EF MSW : Partial Ecological Footprint of MSW management (gha/yr)
EF MSW = H w · G w · E MSW · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
2
H w : Total number of hours worked per year (h/yr)
G w : Hourly waste generation (0.000077 t/h) (EUROSTAT, 2015)
E MSW : Emission factor of MSW (0.244 tCO 2 /t) [81]
Construction materials
EF ma : Partial Ecological Footprint of consumption of materials (gha/yr)
EF ma =
(C ma i · E ma i ) · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
3
C mai : Consumption of material i per year (kg/yr)
E mai : Emission factor of material i (tCO 2 /kg)
EF tr : Partial Ecological Footprint of the transport of materials (gha/yr)
EF tr =
(
W ma i
T cap
· D ma ) · T con · E f · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
4
W mai : Weight consumption of material i (t/yr)
T cap : Truck capacity (t)
D ma : Average distance (km)
T con : Truck consumption (l/100 km)
E f : Emission factor of fuel (tCO 2 /l)
Machinery. EF mc : Partial Ecological Footprint of machinery (gha/yr)
EF mc =
(H mc i · C f i · E f i ) · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
5
H mci : Hours of use of machinery i (h/yr)
C fi : Consumption factor of machinery i (l/h or kW)
E fi : Emission factor of fuel used by machinery i (tCO 2 /l or tCO 2 /kWh)
Water consumption. EF wa : Partial Ecological Footprint of water consumption (gha/yr)
EF wa = C wa · EI wa · E el · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
6
C wa : Water consumption per year (m 3 /yr)
EI wa : Energy intensity of drinking water (0.44 kWh/m 3 ) [82]
Built-up land. EF bl : Partial Ecological Footprint of built-up land (gha/yr)
EF bl = S · EQF bl
7
S: Total surface occupied by the building or parcel (wha)
EQF bl : Equivalence factor of infrastructure land (2.51 gha/wha) [11]
15
Table 1 EF calculation equations (self-made from [18])
Equation
Manpower
EF foi : Partial Ecological Footprint of food consumption in EF category i (gha/yr)
EF f o i =
Hw
H d
· 0.61 ·
EF i
365
1
H w : Total number of hours worked per year (h/year)
H d : Number of hours worked per day (8 h/day)
0.61: Breakfast and lunch as a percentage of the total daily food intake of a Spanish adult (61%)
EF i : Footprint of food consumption in EF category i (gha/person)
365: Days in a year
EF MSW : Partial Ecological Footprint of MSW management (gha/yr)
EF MSW = H w · G w · E MSW · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
2
H w : Total number of hours worked per year (h/yr)
G w : Hourly waste generation (0.000077 t/h) (EUROSTAT, 2015)
E MSW : Emission factor of MSW (0.244 tCO 2 /t) [81]
Construction materials
EF ma : Partial Ecological Footprint of consumption of materials (gha/yr)
EF ma =
(C ma i · E ma i ) · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
3
C mai : Consumption of material i per year (kg/yr)
E mai : Emission factor of material i (tCO 2 /kg)
EF tr : Partial Ecological Footprint of the transport of materials (gha/yr)
EF tr =
(
W ma i
T cap
· D ma ) · T con · E f · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
4
W mai : Weight consumption of material i (t/yr)
T cap : Truck capacity (t)
D ma : Average distance (km)
T con : Truck consumption (l/100 km)
E f : Emission factor of fuel (tCO 2 /l)
Machinery. EF mc : Partial Ecological Footprint of machinery (gha/yr)
EF mc =
(H mc i · C f i · E f i ) · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
5
H mci : Hours of use of machinery i (h/yr)
C fi : Consumption factor of machinery i (l/h or kW)
E fi : Emission factor of fuel used by machinery i (tCO 2 /l or tCO 2 /kWh)
Water consumption. EF wa : Partial Ecological Footprint of water consumption (gha/yr)
EF wa = C wa · EI wa · E el · (1 − A oc )/ A f · EQF ca
6
C wa : Water consumption per year (m 3 /yr)
EI wa : Energy intensity of drinking water (0.44 kWh/m 3 ) [82]
Built-up land. EF bl : Partial Ecological Footprint of built-up land (gha/yr)
EF bl = S · EQF bl
7
S: Total surface occupied by the building or parcel (wha)
EQF bl : Equivalence factor of infrastructure land (2.51 gha/wha) [11]