Aeolian Sand Transport Potential and Its …
105
drift rate (Beadnell 1910; Bagnold 1941; Mitwally 1953; Fryberger 1979; Bubenzer
et al. 2020).
The geology and water resources were discussed in relation to human activities (Bagnall and Tallet 2019). Assessment of water quality and its suitability for
various crops were investigated (Fadl and Abuzaid 2017). Some information derived
from space-based images have provided good understanding of climate systems and
processes in dry regions in Egypt (El Kenawy et al. 2019). Soil morphological and
physico-chemical properties as well as soil classification were carried out in west
Mawhub area, Dakhla Oasis in order to establish guide parameters for land utilization types on a basis of sustainable agriculture (El-Sayed et al. 2016). They are
considered salt-affected soils. The topography and geology of the New Valley in
general and the Dakhla Oasis, in particular, have been studied by several authors
(Hermina et al. 1961; Said 1962; Ashri 1973; Mansour 1973; Ezzat 1976; Embabi
1979; Hermina 1990; Sharaky 1990; Brookes 1993; Wycisk 1993; Hereher 2010,
2014, 2018; Ghadiry et al. 2012; Hereher and Ismael 2015; Ismael 2015; Hamdan
et al. 2016).
Ashri (1973) measured the movement of 92 crescentic sand dunes in Kharga
Oasis, using two sets of aerial photographs (1944 and 1961), and estimated the rate
of dune movement to be about 12 m per year. Embabi (1981) also measured the rate
of sand dune movement in Kharga and Dakhla Oases in 1979, using two groups of
topographic maps (1:25,000) of 1930 and 1961 f. He reported the average rate of
sand dune movement between 5.5 and 9 m per year for Dakhla and Kharga Oases
(Embabi 1979). Embabi (1981) measured the dune movement in the field for a year,
and estimated the sand dune movement to be between 20.8 and 100 m per year.
Sharaky (1990) calculated the annual rate of sand dune movement using the
aerial photographs of 1961 (scale 1:50,000) and 1982 (scale 1:60,000). The 82 crescentic and 25 longitudinal dunes were selected to measure the movement of sand
dunes located in various dune belts, and representing the different dune forms and
sizes. After setting the land marks from some permanent topographic features, the
morphology of the crescentic dunes including width and length as well as their
distances from the toe of slipface to the nearest suitable land mark were measured
using a stereoscopic caliper. It has an accuracy of 0.1 mm, and represents the ground
distance of 5 and 6 m for the aerial photographs taken in 1961 and 1982.
It was not possible to accurately measure the movement of small dunes between
from 3 to 17 m in length from these photographs.
Fryberger (1979) estimated the annual sand dune movement using the Fryberger’s
model of sand drift potential for Dakhla and Farafra sands located to the north of
Dakhla. The Farafra sands are considered the primary source of Dakhla sands. A
GIS-based model was developed for measuring sand dune movement using Landsat
images (Ghadiry et al. 2012). The rate of sand dune movement ranged between 3
and 9 m per year. Most of the sand dunes showed a rate movement ranging from 0 to
6 m. A small number of sand dunes showed a movement rate ranged from 6 to 9 m.
105
drift rate (Beadnell 1910; Bagnold 1941; Mitwally 1953; Fryberger 1979; Bubenzer
et al. 2020).
The geology and water resources were discussed in relation to human activities (Bagnall and Tallet 2019). Assessment of water quality and its suitability for
various crops were investigated (Fadl and Abuzaid 2017). Some information derived
from space-based images have provided good understanding of climate systems and
processes in dry regions in Egypt (El Kenawy et al. 2019). Soil morphological and
physico-chemical properties as well as soil classification were carried out in west
Mawhub area, Dakhla Oasis in order to establish guide parameters for land utilization types on a basis of sustainable agriculture (El-Sayed et al. 2016). They are
considered salt-affected soils. The topography and geology of the New Valley in
general and the Dakhla Oasis, in particular, have been studied by several authors
(Hermina et al. 1961; Said 1962; Ashri 1973; Mansour 1973; Ezzat 1976; Embabi
1979; Hermina 1990; Sharaky 1990; Brookes 1993; Wycisk 1993; Hereher 2010,
2014, 2018; Ghadiry et al. 2012; Hereher and Ismael 2015; Ismael 2015; Hamdan
et al. 2016).
Ashri (1973) measured the movement of 92 crescentic sand dunes in Kharga
Oasis, using two sets of aerial photographs (1944 and 1961), and estimated the rate
of dune movement to be about 12 m per year. Embabi (1981) also measured the rate
of sand dune movement in Kharga and Dakhla Oases in 1979, using two groups of
topographic maps (1:25,000) of 1930 and 1961 f. He reported the average rate of
sand dune movement between 5.5 and 9 m per year for Dakhla and Kharga Oases
(Embabi 1979). Embabi (1981) measured the dune movement in the field for a year,
and estimated the sand dune movement to be between 20.8 and 100 m per year.
Sharaky (1990) calculated the annual rate of sand dune movement using the
aerial photographs of 1961 (scale 1:50,000) and 1982 (scale 1:60,000). The 82 crescentic and 25 longitudinal dunes were selected to measure the movement of sand
dunes located in various dune belts, and representing the different dune forms and
sizes. After setting the land marks from some permanent topographic features, the
morphology of the crescentic dunes including width and length as well as their
distances from the toe of slipface to the nearest suitable land mark were measured
using a stereoscopic caliper. It has an accuracy of 0.1 mm, and represents the ground
distance of 5 and 6 m for the aerial photographs taken in 1961 and 1982.
It was not possible to accurately measure the movement of small dunes between
from 3 to 17 m in length from these photographs.
Fryberger (1979) estimated the annual sand dune movement using the Fryberger’s
model of sand drift potential for Dakhla and Farafra sands located to the north of
Dakhla. The Farafra sands are considered the primary source of Dakhla sands. A
GIS-based model was developed for measuring sand dune movement using Landsat
images (Ghadiry et al. 2012). The rate of sand dune movement ranged between 3
and 9 m per year. Most of the sand dunes showed a rate movement ranging from 0 to
6 m. A small number of sand dunes showed a movement rate ranged from 6 to 9 m.