54
S. Iftekhar et al.
Fig. 2.8 Chromatograms obtained by multiple reaction monitoring for the separation of racemic
atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol, with (+)-levobunolol being included as an internal standard. The asterisks shown in the chemical structures represent the chiral centers. Reproduced with
permission from Nikolai et al. (2006). Copyright 2006 Elsevier
2.4.3 Protein-Based Methods
Serum transport proteins such as α 1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP) are known to bind
many classes of drugs (Hage and Austin 2000) and can be used as CSPs (Patel et al.
2006; Barclay et al. 2012). AGP has a molecular weight of 41–43 kDa and a carbohydrate content of 45% (w/w) (Kremer et al. 1988; Fournier et al. 2000). AGP can
be immobilized covalently or through adsorption and cross-linking to a support such
as silica (Patel et al. 2006; Teixeira et al. 2019). AGP can then be employed for the
chiral separation of many acidic, basic, and neutral drugs (Patel et al. 2006). One
study examined the use of four different CSPs in work with wastewater samples. The
S. Iftekhar et al.
Fig. 2.8 Chromatograms obtained by multiple reaction monitoring for the separation of racemic
atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol, with (+)-levobunolol being included as an internal standard. The asterisks shown in the chemical structures represent the chiral centers. Reproduced with
permission from Nikolai et al. (2006). Copyright 2006 Elsevier
2.4.3 Protein-Based Methods
Serum transport proteins such as α 1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP) are known to bind
many classes of drugs (Hage and Austin 2000) and can be used as CSPs (Patel et al.
2006; Barclay et al. 2012). AGP has a molecular weight of 41–43 kDa and a carbohydrate content of 45% (w/w) (Kremer et al. 1988; Fournier et al. 2000). AGP can
be immobilized covalently or through adsorption and cross-linking to a support such
as silica (Patel et al. 2006; Teixeira et al. 2019). AGP can then be employed for the
chiral separation of many acidic, basic, and neutral drugs (Patel et al. 2006). One
study examined the use of four different CSPs in work with wastewater samples. The