408
K. Dhangar and M. Kumar
Table 18.2 PFOS precursors/derivatives
Chemical name
Acronym
CAS number
Potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate
2795-39-3
Lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate
29457-72-5
Ammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate
29081-56-9
Diethanolammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate
70225-14-8
Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride
PFOSF
307-35-7
Tetraethylammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate
56773-42-3
Di(decyl)di(methyl)ammonium perfluorooctane
sulfonate
2551099-16-8
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide
PFOSA
754-91-6
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide
MeFOSA
31506-32-8
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol
MeFOSE
2448-09-7
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl acrylate
MeFOSEA
25268-77-3
Ammonium bis[2-N-ethyl perfluorooctane
sulfonamidoethyl phosphate
30381-98-7
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (sulfluramid)
EtFOSA
4151-50-2
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol
EtFOSE
1691-99-2
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl acrylate
EtFOSEA
432-82-5
Di[N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl] phosphate EtFOSEP
67969-69-1
3-[(Heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium
iodide/perfluorooctyl sulfonyl quaternary ammonium
iodide
Fluorotenside-134 1652-63-7
Potassium N-ethyl-N-[(heptadecafluorooctyl) sulfonyl]
glycinate
2991-51-7
N-Ethyl-N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] perfluorooctane
sulfonamide
61660-12-6
nature. It persists for several years in environment and travels long distances without
breaking. Higher PFOS was observed in the animals in higher food chain (eagles,
mink, etc.), which represents its bioaccumulative characteristics (Giesy and Kannan
2001).
18.3 Pathway (Life Cycle) of PFOS
From the current knowledge, it has been generally accepted that PFOS enters into
the environment either by its direct (anthropogenic) production, usage in various
applications and disposal of the products containing PFOS or by indirect sources
such as degradation or transformation of its precursors (Prevedouros et al. 2006).
K. Dhangar and M. Kumar
Table 18.2 PFOS precursors/derivatives
Chemical name
Acronym
CAS number
Potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate
2795-39-3
Lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate
29457-72-5
Ammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate
29081-56-9
Diethanolammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate
70225-14-8
Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride
PFOSF
307-35-7
Tetraethylammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate
56773-42-3
Di(decyl)di(methyl)ammonium perfluorooctane
sulfonate
2551099-16-8
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide
PFOSA
754-91-6
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide
MeFOSA
31506-32-8
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol
MeFOSE
2448-09-7
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl acrylate
MeFOSEA
25268-77-3
Ammonium bis[2-N-ethyl perfluorooctane
sulfonamidoethyl phosphate
30381-98-7
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (sulfluramid)
EtFOSA
4151-50-2
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol
EtFOSE
1691-99-2
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl acrylate
EtFOSEA
432-82-5
Di[N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl] phosphate EtFOSEP
67969-69-1
3-[(Heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium
iodide/perfluorooctyl sulfonyl quaternary ammonium
iodide
Fluorotenside-134 1652-63-7
Potassium N-ethyl-N-[(heptadecafluorooctyl) sulfonyl]
glycinate
2991-51-7
N-Ethyl-N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] perfluorooctane
sulfonamide
61660-12-6
nature. It persists for several years in environment and travels long distances without
breaking. Higher PFOS was observed in the animals in higher food chain (eagles,
mink, etc.), which represents its bioaccumulative characteristics (Giesy and Kannan
2001).
18.3 Pathway (Life Cycle) of PFOS
From the current knowledge, it has been generally accepted that PFOS enters into
the environment either by its direct (anthropogenic) production, usage in various
applications and disposal of the products containing PFOS or by indirect sources
such as degradation or transformation of its precursors (Prevedouros et al. 2006).