1 Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Artificial …
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Table 1.3 Detection frequency (%) and concentration range (ng/L) of antibiotics in Asian
groundwater
Detection freq.
(%)
Sample number Concentration
range (ng/L)
Country/region
References
Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
100
5
44–14,000
India
(Patancheru)
Fick et al. (2009)
39
44
<2.05–5.4
China (Shahu
County)
Tong et al.
(2014)
35
26
<10–770
India
(Patancheru)
Rutgersson et al.
(2014)
Sulfamethoxazole (sulfonamides)
77
26
<0.1–34
India (Varanasi)
Lapworth et al.
(2018)
58
14
<0.59–21.7
Japan (Tokyo)
This study
40
5
<0.97–2.18
China
(Changzhou)
Jiang et al.
(2019)
36
14
<2.0–4.13
India (Ganges
River Basin)
Sharma et al.
(2019)
33
99
<1.11–7.29
China (Shahu
County)
Yao et al. (2017)
27
30
<0.246–4.23
Korea
(Buyeo-gun)
Lee et al. (2019)
24
132
ND a –124.5
China
(Guanzhou)
Peng et al.
(2014)
23
44
<0.11–0.8
China (Shahu
County)
Tong et al.
(2014)
23
13
<20–70
China (Dalian
rural areas)
Li et al. (2016)
18
33
ND–25.7
China
(Dongjiang
River Basin)
Yang et al.
(2018)
Trimethoprim (other antibiotics)
83
5
<10–55
India
(Patancheru)
Fick et al. (2009)
40
5
<0.49–3.96
China
(Changzhou)
Jiang et al.
(2019)
32
44
<0.05–5.2
China (Shahu
County)
Tong et al.
(2014)
17
14
<0.45–1.0
Japan (Tokyo)
This study
4
132
ND–10.5
China
(Guanzhou)
Peng et al.
(2014)
a ND not detected