356
N. Pradhan et al.
represent an overview of the performance-based sustainable technologies and their
suitability in the context of performance-based case studies. Different remedial/clean
up procedures have been discussed in the light of state-of-the art separation and
degradation technologies. Some new emerging technologies such as hybrid membrane based and electrocoagulation clean up procedures have also been discussed in
the context of natural and synthetic wastewaters treatment. The most conventional
and integrated system-based solutions based on electrochemical technologies and
photo catalysis along with microbial eco technology have been highlighted to discuss the rapid removal of compounds mostly for emerging recalcitrant compounds
such as carbamazepine, carboxamide, mono- and bromo halo derivatives, chlorinated
solvents, dichloro acetic acids, atenolol, etc.
15.2 Process-Based Environmental Remediation
Approaches
There are several science-based ecofriendly and cost-effective sustainable
approaches which are categorized based on their source and performance toward
several water treatment steps. Basically, the availability of raw water, cost-input,
infrastructure, different purification methodologies, etc., are some of the governing
factors that control the mitigation of contaminants through several problem solving
approaches particularly in the mixture of components. Separation between water and
other miscible/immiscible liquid usually occurs through different membrane separation/catalytic techniques which on the other hand use different physico-chemical
driven forces to physically separate unwanted materials from the plume of wastewater. Some of the important methods are summarized below and Fig. 15.3 shows
the detoxification mechanism of inorganic metals/substances from environmental
compartments.
15.2.1 Physico-Chemical Approaches
There are many environmental compatible techniques which are often regarded as
useful methods for the removal of major contaminants. These methods are often
widely accepted because of their high energy efficiency and ease of post-operation,
versatility and cleanenv. treatment technologies, easy handling, automation process,
and best operative conditions. Some of the promising methods are mentioned as
follows:
(a) Adsorption
(b) Ion exchange
N. Pradhan et al.
represent an overview of the performance-based sustainable technologies and their
suitability in the context of performance-based case studies. Different remedial/clean
up procedures have been discussed in the light of state-of-the art separation and
degradation technologies. Some new emerging technologies such as hybrid membrane based and electrocoagulation clean up procedures have also been discussed in
the context of natural and synthetic wastewaters treatment. The most conventional
and integrated system-based solutions based on electrochemical technologies and
photo catalysis along with microbial eco technology have been highlighted to discuss the rapid removal of compounds mostly for emerging recalcitrant compounds
such as carbamazepine, carboxamide, mono- and bromo halo derivatives, chlorinated
solvents, dichloro acetic acids, atenolol, etc.
15.2 Process-Based Environmental Remediation
Approaches
There are several science-based ecofriendly and cost-effective sustainable
approaches which are categorized based on their source and performance toward
several water treatment steps. Basically, the availability of raw water, cost-input,
infrastructure, different purification methodologies, etc., are some of the governing
factors that control the mitigation of contaminants through several problem solving
approaches particularly in the mixture of components. Separation between water and
other miscible/immiscible liquid usually occurs through different membrane separation/catalytic techniques which on the other hand use different physico-chemical
driven forces to physically separate unwanted materials from the plume of wastewater. Some of the important methods are summarized below and Fig. 15.3 shows
the detoxification mechanism of inorganic metals/substances from environmental
compartments.
15.2.1 Physico-Chemical Approaches
There are many environmental compatible techniques which are often regarded as
useful methods for the removal of major contaminants. These methods are often
widely accepted because of their high energy efficiency and ease of post-operation,
versatility and cleanenv. treatment technologies, easy handling, automation process,
and best operative conditions. Some of the promising methods are mentioned as
follows:
(a) Adsorption
(b) Ion exchange