354
N. Pradhan et al.
15.1.3 Regulation of Contaminants in the Scenario
of Environmental Quality Standards
Numerous reports have been published to validate the occurrences of contaminants
in surface and ground water. Many researchers (Cooper and Harrison 2009; Fawell
et al. 2006; Zhang and Li 1997) have published a wide range of contaminants fate
in the literature which shows the contaminants concentration in the various ranges
from µg to ng L
−1 . Table 15.1 is showing different contaminants level at MCL
level or lowest predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) as per the guidelines set
by USEPA 2009a, b. Different steroids, tylosin, and carbazole/carboxamide, natural
hormones, estrone, and oestradiol compounds are found in surface and subsurface
Table 15.1 Contaminants
types, nature, and maximum
contamination level (MCL)
MCL, mg/L
Nature/Type
(1) Organic contaminants
Ethylene dibromide
0.05
Insecticide
Toxaphene
3
Insecticide
Methoxychlor
40
Insecticide
Dioxin
0.0003
Herbicide
Simazine
4
Herbicide
Diquat
20
Herbicide
Dalapon
200
Herbicide
Endothall
100
Algicide
Carbofuran
40
Nematicide
Dibromochloropropane
0.2
Nematocide
Pentachlorophenol
1
Fungicide
(2) Inorganic contaminants
Aresenic
0.01
Barium
2
Beryllium
0.004
Chromium
0.1
Cyanide
0.2
Copper
1.3
Mercury
0.002
Selenium
0.05
Lead
0.015
Antimony
0.06
(3) Radioactive contaminants
Uranium
30 µg/L
Radioactive
Beta particles and photon
emitters
4 merms/year Radioactive