334
R. Kumar et al.
Table 14.2
Major antibiotics and their concentrations detected in water/wastewater worldwide
S. No.
Country
Number of samples/sites
Antibiotics
Concentration range (μg/L)
Water type
References
1
China
152
Cefazolin, cefmetazole,
cefotaxime, azithromycin,
clarithromycin,
roxithromycin, ofloxacin,
norfloxacin, flumequine,
sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine
and sulfamethoxazole
ND-73100
Songhua river
Wang et al. (2017)
2
Portugal
–
Minocyclin, tetracycline,
epimerepitetracycline and
doxycycline
ND-350
Hospital effluent, wwtp
influent and effluent
Pena et al. (2010)
3
Sri Lanka
50
Sulfadiazine,
sulfamethoxazol,
amoxicillin, ampicilline,
oxytetracycline, tetracycline
and erythromycin
ND-24
Hospital effluents water and
sediment
Liyanage and Manage (2016)
4
South Africa
15
Acetaminophen, ibuprofen,
erythromycin,
sulfamethazine,
sulfamethoxazole,
trimethoprim,
carbamazepine, clozapine,
metronidazole, ibuprofen,
trimethoprim and caffeine
ND-59.28
Umgeni river
Matongo et al. (2015)
5
China
63
Erythromycin, roxitromycin,
azithromycin,
clarithromycin,
sulfadimidine,
sulfamethoxazole,
sulfadiazine and
trimethoprim
0.002–0.145
Dongjiang river and sewage
water
Zhang et al. (2012a)
(continued)