328
R. Kumar et al.
Table 14.1 Various treatment methods for antibiotics, ARBs and ARGs
Treatment type
Antibiotic/ARB/ARG Class
Removal
efficiency
References
Physical treatment
Sedimentation
sul1, sul2, tetO, tetM,
tetQ, tetW, tetT, tet,
OXA-1, OXA-10,
ermB
–
96.8–99.9% Zhai et al.
(2016)
Adsorption
(GAC-based)
Tetracycline and
doxycycline-hyclate
Tetracyclines
>68%
Choi et al.
(2008)
Adsorption
biochar/H 2 O 2
Sulfamethoxazole,
sulfadiazine,
sulfamethazine,
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfonamides
~60%
Sun et al.
(2018)
Lateral flow sand filters
sul1, sul2, qnrS, tetO,
ermB, bla TEM , 26
bla CTX-M , mecA,
vanA, int1, HF183,
16S rRNA
–
2.9–5.4 log
Heyward
et al. (2019)
Constructed Wetland
(Zeolite-based)
sul1, sul2 and sul3,
tetG, tetM, tetO, text,
ermB and ermC,
qnrB, qnrD, qnrS,
cmlA, fexA, fexB,
floR, int1 and int2
–
50.0–85.8% Chen et al.
(2016)
Erythromycin-H 2 O,
lincomycin,
monensin, ofloxacin,
sulfamerazine,
sulfamethazine and
novobiocin
Macrolides,
sulfonamides,
flouroquinolones,
lincosamides
17.9–98.5%
Chemical treatment
Coagulation
tetQ, tetO, tetW and
IntI1, sul1 and sul2
–
0.5–3.1 log
Li et al.
(2019)
Chemical oxidation
sul1, sul2, tetO, tetM,
tetQ, tetW, tetT, tet,
OXA-1, OXA-10,
ermB
–
78.7–85.7% Zhai et al.
(2016)
Thin TiO 2 Film +UV
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus and
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Gram +ve and
Gram −ve
4.5−5.8 log Guo et al.
(2017)
Cu@TiO 2 photocatalysis Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
97.64%
Gan and
Tan (2019)
(continued)
R. Kumar et al.
Table 14.1 Various treatment methods for antibiotics, ARBs and ARGs
Treatment type
Antibiotic/ARB/ARG Class
Removal
efficiency
References
Physical treatment
Sedimentation
sul1, sul2, tetO, tetM,
tetQ, tetW, tetT, tet,
OXA-1, OXA-10,
ermB
–
96.8–99.9% Zhai et al.
(2016)
Adsorption
(GAC-based)
Tetracycline and
doxycycline-hyclate
Tetracyclines
>68%
Choi et al.
(2008)
Adsorption
biochar/H 2 O 2
Sulfamethoxazole,
sulfadiazine,
sulfamethazine,
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfonamides
~60%
Sun et al.
(2018)
Lateral flow sand filters
sul1, sul2, qnrS, tetO,
ermB, bla TEM , 26
bla CTX-M , mecA,
vanA, int1, HF183,
16S rRNA
–
2.9–5.4 log
Heyward
et al. (2019)
Constructed Wetland
(Zeolite-based)
sul1, sul2 and sul3,
tetG, tetM, tetO, text,
ermB and ermC,
qnrB, qnrD, qnrS,
cmlA, fexA, fexB,
floR, int1 and int2
–
50.0–85.8% Chen et al.
(2016)
Erythromycin-H 2 O,
lincomycin,
monensin, ofloxacin,
sulfamerazine,
sulfamethazine and
novobiocin
Macrolides,
sulfonamides,
flouroquinolones,
lincosamides
17.9–98.5%
Chemical treatment
Coagulation
tetQ, tetO, tetW and
IntI1, sul1 and sul2
–
0.5–3.1 log
Li et al.
(2019)
Chemical oxidation
sul1, sul2, tetO, tetM,
tetQ, tetW, tetT, tet,
OXA-1, OXA-10,
ermB
–
78.7–85.7% Zhai et al.
(2016)
Thin TiO 2 Film +UV
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus and
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Gram +ve and
Gram −ve
4.5−5.8 log Guo et al.
(2017)
Cu@TiO 2 photocatalysis Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
97.64%
Gan and
Tan (2019)
(continued)