11 Nanotechnology: An Efficient Technique of Contaminated …
265
Most of the nanotechnology for the wastewater treatment is performed only at laboratory scale, and most of the technique is not possible to establish in comparison with
the traditional technique because of high cost. As a result, it is not easy to predict the
future scenario of this technology. Another challenge remains in incorporating the
nanotechnology in the already prevailing water purification system. Reverse osmosis
and nanofiltration (membrane processes) have gained attraction for the purification
of water for public consumption and also in industries due to their flexibility, and
easy maintenance and operation. Moreover, the toxicity of the nanomaterial on the
environment is a matter of concern and hence needs care in the selection of material
and designing for purification of water. There is not much information regarding
the toxicity of this material on the environment. Hence, it can be concluded that,
nanotechnology has both sides of a coin, i.e. positive in the direction of effective
water purification and negative in the direction of imparting risk to the environment,
when it remains persistent for a longer time. On a final note, it can be assumed that
nanoparticles are ideal and promising candidates for the purification of water, and
hence, there is a future scope if sufficient research and development will be done to
eliminate the negative face of this technology.
References
Aboutorabi L, Morsali A, Tahmasebi E, Buyukgungor O (2016) Metal–organic framework based
on isonicotinate N-oxide for fast and highly efficient aqueous phase Cr (VI) adsorption. Inorg
Chem 55(11):5507–5513
Adamse AD, Deinema MH, Zehnder AJB (1984) Studies on bacterial activities in aerobic and
anaerobic waste water purification. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 50(5–6):665–682
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091
Ambashta RD, Sillanpää M (2010) Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review. J Hazard
Mater 180(1–3):38–49
Aschberger K, Micheletti C, Sokull-Klüttgen B, Christensen FM (2011) Analysis of currently
available data for characterising the risk of engineered nanomaterials to the environment and
human health—lessons learned from four case studies. Environ Int 37(6):1143–1156
Audu CO, Nguyen HT, Chang C-Y, Katz MJ, Mao L, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Nguyen ST (2016) The
dual capture of As V and As III by UiO-66 and analogues. Chem Sci 7(10):6492–6498
Auffan M, Rose J, Wiesner MR, Bottero J-Y (2009) Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles: a
parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro. Environ Pollut 157(4):1127–1133
Ayati A, Ahmadpour A, Bamoharram FF, Tanhaei B, Mänttäri M, Sillanpää M (2014) A review on
catalytic applications of Au/TiO 2 nanoparticles in the removal of water pollutant. Chemosphere
107:163–174
Baby J, Raj JS, Biby ET, Sankarganesh P, Jeevitha MV, Ajisha SU, Rajan SS (2010) Toxic effect
of heavy metals on aquatic environment. Int J Biol Chem Sci 4(4)
Bahrani S, Hashemi SA, Mousavi SM, Azhdari R (2019) Zinc-based metal–organic frameworks
as nontoxic and biodegradable platforms for biomedical applications: review study. Drug Metab
Rev 51(3):356–377
Bakhtiari N, Azizian S (2015) Adsorption of copper ion from aqueous solution by nanoporous
MOF-5: a kinetic and equilibrium study. J Mol Liq 206:114–118
265
Most of the nanotechnology for the wastewater treatment is performed only at laboratory scale, and most of the technique is not possible to establish in comparison with
the traditional technique because of high cost. As a result, it is not easy to predict the
future scenario of this technology. Another challenge remains in incorporating the
nanotechnology in the already prevailing water purification system. Reverse osmosis
and nanofiltration (membrane processes) have gained attraction for the purification
of water for public consumption and also in industries due to their flexibility, and
easy maintenance and operation. Moreover, the toxicity of the nanomaterial on the
environment is a matter of concern and hence needs care in the selection of material
and designing for purification of water. There is not much information regarding
the toxicity of this material on the environment. Hence, it can be concluded that,
nanotechnology has both sides of a coin, i.e. positive in the direction of effective
water purification and negative in the direction of imparting risk to the environment,
when it remains persistent for a longer time. On a final note, it can be assumed that
nanoparticles are ideal and promising candidates for the purification of water, and
hence, there is a future scope if sufficient research and development will be done to
eliminate the negative face of this technology.
References
Aboutorabi L, Morsali A, Tahmasebi E, Buyukgungor O (2016) Metal–organic framework based
on isonicotinate N-oxide for fast and highly efficient aqueous phase Cr (VI) adsorption. Inorg
Chem 55(11):5507–5513
Adamse AD, Deinema MH, Zehnder AJB (1984) Studies on bacterial activities in aerobic and
anaerobic waste water purification. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 50(5–6):665–682
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091
Ambashta RD, Sillanpää M (2010) Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review. J Hazard
Mater 180(1–3):38–49
Aschberger K, Micheletti C, Sokull-Klüttgen B, Christensen FM (2011) Analysis of currently
available data for characterising the risk of engineered nanomaterials to the environment and
human health—lessons learned from four case studies. Environ Int 37(6):1143–1156
Audu CO, Nguyen HT, Chang C-Y, Katz MJ, Mao L, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Nguyen ST (2016) The
dual capture of As V and As III by UiO-66 and analogues. Chem Sci 7(10):6492–6498
Auffan M, Rose J, Wiesner MR, Bottero J-Y (2009) Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles: a
parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro. Environ Pollut 157(4):1127–1133
Ayati A, Ahmadpour A, Bamoharram FF, Tanhaei B, Mänttäri M, Sillanpää M (2014) A review on
catalytic applications of Au/TiO 2 nanoparticles in the removal of water pollutant. Chemosphere
107:163–174
Baby J, Raj JS, Biby ET, Sankarganesh P, Jeevitha MV, Ajisha SU, Rajan SS (2010) Toxic effect
of heavy metals on aquatic environment. Int J Biol Chem Sci 4(4)
Bahrani S, Hashemi SA, Mousavi SM, Azhdari R (2019) Zinc-based metal–organic frameworks
as nontoxic and biodegradable platforms for biomedical applications: review study. Drug Metab
Rev 51(3):356–377
Bakhtiari N, Azizian S (2015) Adsorption of copper ion from aqueous solution by nanoporous
MOF-5: a kinetic and equilibrium study. J Mol Liq 206:114–118