8 Reappraisal of Permeable Reactive Barrier as a Sustainable …
193
Design of Permeable ReacƟve Barrier
Single Trench
Double Trench
Confined Aquifers
Confined Aquifers
Unconfined Aquifer
Fully PenetraƟng
ParƟally PenetraƟng
Fig. 8.5 Design consideration of any PRB in different kind of aquifers
before being set up has to go through (i) preliminary site assessment (types and concentration of contaminants, the velocity of groundwater) (ii) characterization of site
(aquifer) and distribution of plume (iii) reaction rates and half-lives of contaminants
(iv) barrier location and configuration (Gavaskar 1999). Modeling in 3D rather than
1D and 2D helps us to simulate the entire flow style of groundwater in the aquifers
and also of the plume (Gupta and Fox 1999). The study by Bastiaens et al. (2008) has
shown the use of lab-scale multifunctional permeable reactive barriers to remediate
ammonium, halogenated hydrocarbons and chemical oxygen demand (CODs) from
a 40-year-old landfill in Belgium. The different mechanism on which PRB works is
shown in Fig. (8.6).
Gravel is generally added in between the reactive materials to improve the permeability of PRBs, and in the same, limestone is added as sulfate reducing bacteria
can have controlled growth (Jarvis et al. 2006) have tested the mixture of organic
materials for the removal of sulfate and cadmium ions, and the processes he noticed
wer bioreduction and sorption by SRB and organic matter, respectively.
8.8 Reactive Materials
The study by Pérez et al. (2018) has shown that by using the straw and chicken manure
as reactive material, it kind of lost its reactivity after six months of operation. Hashim
et al. (2011) already suggested that the only drawback might be was a decrease in the
number of bioavailable nutrients which would otherwise is constantly required for
sulfate remediation. There have been many other material used for the remediation of
heavy metals removal. Some of them are Cadmium by Burmese Grape Leaf Extract
(Borah et al. 2018), Lead and Cadmium by Murraya Koengii powder (Mukherjee
et al. 2020). There have been also the use of MnO 2 with alginate beads and Activated
193
Design of Permeable ReacƟve Barrier
Single Trench
Double Trench
Confined Aquifers
Confined Aquifers
Unconfined Aquifer
Fully PenetraƟng
ParƟally PenetraƟng
Fig. 8.5 Design consideration of any PRB in different kind of aquifers
before being set up has to go through (i) preliminary site assessment (types and concentration of contaminants, the velocity of groundwater) (ii) characterization of site
(aquifer) and distribution of plume (iii) reaction rates and half-lives of contaminants
(iv) barrier location and configuration (Gavaskar 1999). Modeling in 3D rather than
1D and 2D helps us to simulate the entire flow style of groundwater in the aquifers
and also of the plume (Gupta and Fox 1999). The study by Bastiaens et al. (2008) has
shown the use of lab-scale multifunctional permeable reactive barriers to remediate
ammonium, halogenated hydrocarbons and chemical oxygen demand (CODs) from
a 40-year-old landfill in Belgium. The different mechanism on which PRB works is
shown in Fig. (8.6).
Gravel is generally added in between the reactive materials to improve the permeability of PRBs, and in the same, limestone is added as sulfate reducing bacteria
can have controlled growth (Jarvis et al. 2006) have tested the mixture of organic
materials for the removal of sulfate and cadmium ions, and the processes he noticed
wer bioreduction and sorption by SRB and organic matter, respectively.
8.8 Reactive Materials
The study by Pérez et al. (2018) has shown that by using the straw and chicken manure
as reactive material, it kind of lost its reactivity after six months of operation. Hashim
et al. (2011) already suggested that the only drawback might be was a decrease in the
number of bioavailable nutrients which would otherwise is constantly required for
sulfate remediation. There have been many other material used for the remediation of
heavy metals removal. Some of them are Cadmium by Burmese Grape Leaf Extract
(Borah et al. 2018), Lead and Cadmium by Murraya Koengii powder (Mukherjee
et al. 2020). There have been also the use of MnO 2 with alginate beads and Activated