8 Reappraisal of Permeable Reactive Barrier as a Sustainable …
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Table 8.1 (continued)
Contaminants
Health effects
References
Carcinogenic organs affected/symptoms
Cadmium
Lungs and livers,
pulmonary carcinogen
Aortic and coronary
atherosclerosis,
increase in the level
of cholesterol and
blood pressure, renal
tubular dysfunction,
proteinuria, chronic
renal insufficiency
Kopp et al. (1982),
Brzoska et al.
(2000)
Chromium
Stomach cancer
reported
Gastrointestinal
effects
Decrease in
hemoglobin
concentration, hepatic
effects
Meyers (1950),
Mancuso (1951)
Copper
No studies
Wilson disease,
progressive lenticular
degeneration,
Alzheimer’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease
Bandmann et al.
(2015)
Fluoride
Bone cancer,
respiratory cancer
Metabolic bone
disease,
gastrointestinal
symptoms like
nausea, vomiting.
Loss in weight also
reported
Hallanger Johnson
et al. (2007),
Grandjean et al.
(1992)
Lead
Risk of tumorigenesis Chronic kidney
disease,
tubulointerstitial
nephritis, diabetes,
hypertension
Ekong et al.
(2006), Silbergeld
et al. (1993)
Manganese
Risk of breast cancer
Neurological effects,
damage of lung
tissues, respiratory
effects
Mergler et al.
(1999),
Kagamimori et al.
(1973)
Nickel
Lung and nasal
cancer, respiratory
tracts related cancer
Hemorrhagic
gastritis, decrease in
bone marrow cell
generation. Effects
like vomiting,
headache, diarrhea
are common
Grimsrud and Peto
(2006), Daldrup
et al. (1983)
(continued)