152
P. Sahu
6.7.2.6 Removal by Iron Nanoparticles
Study has been carried out to understand the performance of stabilized elemental iron
nanoparticles in removing ClO 4
− (Xiong and Zhao 2006) in water. It can convert
100% of ClO 4
− to chloride during ClO 4
− degradation process without any intermediate products. Elevated temperature is required for this reaction, and temperature
has a high control on this process. During ClO 4
− reduction by elemental iron at
elevated temperatures, microwave heating or conventional block heating is used for
rising temperature, and both of them results in 98% removal of ClO 4
− . This indicates
removal of ClO 4
− by elemental iron which was mostly due to heat energy at higher
temperature (Oh et al. 2006).
6.7.2.7 Catalytic Reactors
In the presence of methyl thrioxorhenium to a combination of 5% Pd-carbon powder
as catalyst, hydrogen gas can reduce ClO 4
− and convert it completely to chloride
(Hurley and Shapley 2006).
6.8 Conclusion
Perchlorate contamination in surface and groundwater causes health issues in various parts of the world (Böhlke et al. 2015). It is already proved that thyroid gland
is the most affected human body part by perchlorate toxicity, and continuous consumption of ClO 4
− -contaminated water may result in abnormal decrease in human
body weight and growth. Along with oral ingestion via drinking water and food,
ClO 4
− bearing dust is another prevailing source of perchlorate. Though removal of
ClO 4
− from environment is very difficult due to its persistent nature, with advancement of new technologies, it is possible now. Among physical, chemical and biological ClO 4
− removal methods, biological one is considered as the cheapest and
eco-friendly technology. For example, production of ClO 4
− adsorbing biochar by
converting waste organic materials is a promising biological technology to remediate ClO 4
− from environment. Though other methods have higher efficiency in
ClO 4
− removal, due to their higher cost and requirement of high skill and scientific
understanding, biological method is considered as the sustainable ClO 4
− removal
technology.
P. Sahu
6.7.2.6 Removal by Iron Nanoparticles
Study has been carried out to understand the performance of stabilized elemental iron
nanoparticles in removing ClO 4
− (Xiong and Zhao 2006) in water. It can convert
100% of ClO 4
− to chloride during ClO 4
− degradation process without any intermediate products. Elevated temperature is required for this reaction, and temperature
has a high control on this process. During ClO 4
− reduction by elemental iron at
elevated temperatures, microwave heating or conventional block heating is used for
rising temperature, and both of them results in 98% removal of ClO 4
− . This indicates
removal of ClO 4
− by elemental iron which was mostly due to heat energy at higher
temperature (Oh et al. 2006).
6.7.2.7 Catalytic Reactors
In the presence of methyl thrioxorhenium to a combination of 5% Pd-carbon powder
as catalyst, hydrogen gas can reduce ClO 4
− and convert it completely to chloride
(Hurley and Shapley 2006).
6.8 Conclusion
Perchlorate contamination in surface and groundwater causes health issues in various parts of the world (Böhlke et al. 2015). It is already proved that thyroid gland
is the most affected human body part by perchlorate toxicity, and continuous consumption of ClO 4
− -contaminated water may result in abnormal decrease in human
body weight and growth. Along with oral ingestion via drinking water and food,
ClO 4
− bearing dust is another prevailing source of perchlorate. Though removal of
ClO 4
− from environment is very difficult due to its persistent nature, with advancement of new technologies, it is possible now. Among physical, chemical and biological ClO 4
− removal methods, biological one is considered as the cheapest and
eco-friendly technology. For example, production of ClO 4
− adsorbing biochar by
converting waste organic materials is a promising biological technology to remediate ClO 4
− from environment. Though other methods have higher efficiency in
ClO 4
− removal, due to their higher cost and requirement of high skill and scientific
understanding, biological method is considered as the sustainable ClO 4
− removal
technology.