104
D. J. Sarkar et al.
Table 4.1 Biological effect of nano and microplastics against aquatic organism
Damage type
Organism
Reference
Impaired metabolism and cellular
stress response
Polychaetes
Wright et al. (2013a, b)
Echinoderms Della Torre et al. (2014)
Bivalves
Avio et al. (2015), Paul-Pont et al.
(2016), Sussarellu et al. (2016),
Canesi et al. (2015)
Fish
Cedervall et al. (2012), Greven et al.
(2016), Lu et al. (2016)
Tissue damage
Fish
Karami et al. (2016), Lu et al. (2016),
Peda et al. (2016)
Tissue transfer
Crustaceans
Rosenkranz et al. (2009)
Mussels
Browne et al. (2008), von Moos et al.
(2012)
Fish
Kashiwada (2006)
Impaired respiration
Polychaetes
Green et al. (2016)
Crustaceans
Watts et al. (2016)
Bivalves
Rist et al. (2016)
Impaired feeding
Polychaetes
Wright et al. (2013a, b), Besseling
et al. (2013)
Crustaceans
Cole et al. (2015), Ogonowski et al.
(2016)
Bivalves
Rist et al. (2016), Wegner et al.
(2012), Cole and Galloway (2015)
Fish
Cedervall et al. (2012)
Impaired development and
reproduction
Crustaceans
Cole et al. (2015), Lee et al. (2013),
Besseling et al. (2014)
Echinoderms Nobre et al. (2015)
Bivalves
Sussarellu et al. (2016)
Fish
Lönnstedt and Eklov (2016)
Decreased growth rates and biomass
production
Crustaceans
Ogonowski et al. (2016), Besseling
et al. (2014)
Bivalves
Rist et al. (2016)
Behavioural changes
Fish
Cedervall et al. (2012), Lönnstedt and
Eklov (2016), de Sá et al. (2015)
Increased mortality
Crustaceans
Ogonowski et al. (2016), Rehse et al.
(2016)
Bivalves
Rist et al. (2016)
Fish
Mazurais et al. (2015)