reactors as treatment techniques for the emerging contaminants. This diverse part
provides an overview of critical concepts needed for evaluation of risk assessment
methodologies, which in turn establishes the proper functioning of wastewater
treatment methodologies for the effective CEC removal from wastewater. This part
emphasizes various removal techniques utilizing photo catalysis, permeable reactive barrier (PRB), bioremediation, metal-organic framework, nanotechnology etc.
and assesses the effectiveness of various wastewater treatment strategies. The first
article describes case studies evaluating problems that occur during the installation
of PRB in pilot-scale before scaling up. The authors have made a comparative study
of different case studies, the filler material used, the type of construction used, the
date of operational set-up and cost analysis of PRBs. The chapter concludes with an
assessment of pros and cons of PRBs. The authors of the second chapter discuss the
utility of microbes for chromium (Cr
6+ ) removal to understand the mechanism of
Cr-tolerance and remediation through different microbes for an economic, easy and
eco-friendly technique that can be used on the pilot and larger scale to ensure Cr6+
free water. Mixed culture bioreactors containing Cr
6+ -tolerant microbes can be
effectively used in treating Cr
6+ contaminated wastewater as shown by the authors.
The third chapter gives an exclusive review of the existing literature on PPCPs
removal from water. Pros and cons of the reported PPCPs removal processes are
reviewed and evaluated with respect to removal efficiency. The fourth chapter
throws light on the advanced applications of nanotechnology in waste water
treatment. The various types of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene
based, nano composites, metal organic frameworks are discussed focusing on their
structures and performances in removal of water contaminants. Bioremediation
techniques for water purification and the toxicity of the nanomaterial after treatment
are also discussed. This part include a study on the effectiveness and efficiency of
bimetallic particles for dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) and the effect of
degree of chlorination and iron oxide phases on CPs incorporation when using
Ni/Fe bimetallic system. This study will surely advance our knowledge on CPs
degradation mechanisms and advance removal techniques. An overview of
antibiotics removal technologies from water and associated challenges of conventional and advanced treatment (sorption techniques, membrane processes, and
ecological processes like constructed wetlands, integrated constructed wetland) are
critically analyzed in this part. There is very little information available about the
eco-toxicological effects of antibiotics on aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
Therefore, the seventh chapter mainly deals with the health impact of antibiotics
and antibiotic resistance (AR) and their removal techniques to estimate potential
risks associated with the water treatment plants and effluent discharges to the
environment. A critical assessment on the state-of-the art removal techniques, major
pollutant detoxification pathways and their impact on groundwater flow regime are
presented. This part highlights the basic science of the water quality treatment,
occurrence/fate, and contaminant biodegradation along with the mobility and biological detoxification of pollutants. Chapter eight includes recent studies on beneficial chemicals/products and biogas generated from water hyacinth as well as its
probabilities of success in commercialization. Chapter nine reviews literature on the
Preface
xi
provides an overview of critical concepts needed for evaluation of risk assessment
methodologies, which in turn establishes the proper functioning of wastewater
treatment methodologies for the effective CEC removal from wastewater. This part
emphasizes various removal techniques utilizing photo catalysis, permeable reactive barrier (PRB), bioremediation, metal-organic framework, nanotechnology etc.
and assesses the effectiveness of various wastewater treatment strategies. The first
article describes case studies evaluating problems that occur during the installation
of PRB in pilot-scale before scaling up. The authors have made a comparative study
of different case studies, the filler material used, the type of construction used, the
date of operational set-up and cost analysis of PRBs. The chapter concludes with an
assessment of pros and cons of PRBs. The authors of the second chapter discuss the
utility of microbes for chromium (Cr
6+ ) removal to understand the mechanism of
Cr-tolerance and remediation through different microbes for an economic, easy and
eco-friendly technique that can be used on the pilot and larger scale to ensure Cr6+
free water. Mixed culture bioreactors containing Cr
6+ -tolerant microbes can be
effectively used in treating Cr
6+ contaminated wastewater as shown by the authors.
The third chapter gives an exclusive review of the existing literature on PPCPs
removal from water. Pros and cons of the reported PPCPs removal processes are
reviewed and evaluated with respect to removal efficiency. The fourth chapter
throws light on the advanced applications of nanotechnology in waste water
treatment. The various types of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene
based, nano composites, metal organic frameworks are discussed focusing on their
structures and performances in removal of water contaminants. Bioremediation
techniques for water purification and the toxicity of the nanomaterial after treatment
are also discussed. This part include a study on the effectiveness and efficiency of
bimetallic particles for dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) and the effect of
degree of chlorination and iron oxide phases on CPs incorporation when using
Ni/Fe bimetallic system. This study will surely advance our knowledge on CPs
degradation mechanisms and advance removal techniques. An overview of
antibiotics removal technologies from water and associated challenges of conventional and advanced treatment (sorption techniques, membrane processes, and
ecological processes like constructed wetlands, integrated constructed wetland) are
critically analyzed in this part. There is very little information available about the
eco-toxicological effects of antibiotics on aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
Therefore, the seventh chapter mainly deals with the health impact of antibiotics
and antibiotic resistance (AR) and their removal techniques to estimate potential
risks associated with the water treatment plants and effluent discharges to the
environment. A critical assessment on the state-of-the art removal techniques, major
pollutant detoxification pathways and their impact on groundwater flow regime are
presented. This part highlights the basic science of the water quality treatment,
occurrence/fate, and contaminant biodegradation along with the mobility and biological detoxification of pollutants. Chapter eight includes recent studies on beneficial chemicals/products and biogas generated from water hyacinth as well as its
probabilities of success in commercialization. Chapter nine reviews literature on the
Preface
xi