78
H. Nuissl and S. Siedentop
Table 5.1 Frequently proposed land consumption and urban sprawl measures
Indicator
Description
Sources
Size or share of urban land
Size of urban land (km 2
or sqm); percentage of
urban land (%)
Galster et al.
(2001),
Kolankiewicz and
Bleck (2001),
Angel et al. (2005),
Schneider and
Woodcock (2008),
Siedentop and Fina
(2010), Wolff et al.
(2018)
New land consumption
Converted urban land
(in hectares or acres)
Anthony (2004),
Siedentop and Fina
(2010)
Urban density
Number of people, jobs
or housing units per
hectare of urban land
(gross or net)
Razin and
Rosentraub (2000),
Torrens and Alberti
(2000), Chin
(2002), Ewing et al.
(2002), Glaeser and
Kahn (2003), Angel
et al. (2005),
Siedentop and Fina
(2010), Wolff et al.
(2018)
Change in urban density
Change in urban
density between two
base years (percentage)
Emison (2001),
Anthony (2004),
Angel et al. (2005),
Siedentop and Fina
(2010), Wolff et al.
(2018)
Density gradient
Regression of density
against distance by
ordinary least squares
(OLS)
Torrens and Alberti
(2000)
Land use mix/land use separation
Degree to which
different urban land
uses exist in close
vicinity to each other
Galster et al.
(2001), Chin
(2002), Ewing et al.
(2002), Song and
Knaap (2004),
Torrens (2008)
(continued)