16 Integrating Ecosystem Services, Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based …
315
A clear weakness of all three approaches is that they neither include nor address
one of the most crucial urban social and democracy-related questions of today: justice
and fairness questions at the local—i.e. city—level are almost neglected. At the global
level, telecouplings have not even been touched (Haase 2019), and thus urbanisation
at the global level is difficult to tackle with any of the three concepts, although papers
have already been published on global principles and upscaling from single cities
and urban areas.
Acknowledgements Dagmar Haase’s research was supported by Project ENABLE, funded via the
2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals. National funders of the project were
the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning, the
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the German Aeronautics and Space Research Centre,
the National Science Centre (Poland), the Research Council of Norway and the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness.
References
Adli, M. (2017). Stress and the City: Warum Städte uns krank machen. Und warum sie trotzdem
gut für uns sind. C: Bertelsmann Verlag.
Andersson, E., McPherson, T., Kremer, P., Frantzeskaki, N., Gomez-Baggethun, E., Haase, D., et al.
(2015). Scale and context dependence of ecosystem service providing units. Ecosystem Services,
12, 157–164.
Andersson, E., Langemeyer, J., Borgström, S., McPhearson, T., Haase, D., Kronenberg, J., et al.
(2019). Enabling green and blue infrastructure to improve contributions to human well-being and
equity in urban systems. BioScience, in press. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz058.
Baró, F., Gómez-Baggethun, E., & Haase, D. (2017). Ecosystem service bundles from a supplydemand approach: Implications for landscape planning and management in an urban region.
Ecosystem Services, 24, 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.02.021
Biernacka, M., & Kronenberg, J. (2018). Classification of institutional barriers affecting the
availability, accessibility and attractiveness of urban green spaces. Urban Forestry and Urban
Greening, 36, 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.09.007
Bosch, M., & Sang, A. O. (2017). Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for
improved public health—A systematic review of reviews. Environmental Research, 158, 373–384.
Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C., & Maginnis, S. (Eds.). (2016). Nature-based solutions
to address global societal challenges. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.
CH.2016.13.en.
EEA website. (2019). https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban-enviro
nment/urban-green-infrastructure/what-is-green-infrastructure.
Ershad Sarabi, S., Han, Q., Romme, L. A. G., de Vries, B., & Wendling, L. (2019). Key enablers
of and barriers to the uptake and implementation of nature-based solutions in urban settings: A
review. Resources, 8, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8030121.
Fischer, L. K., Brinkmeyer, D., Honold, J., van der Jagt, A., Botzat, A., Lafortezza, R., et al. (2018).
Recreational ecosystem services in European cities: Sociocultural and geographic context matters
for park use. Ecosystem Services. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.01.015
Gabriel, K., & Endlicher, W. (2011). Urban and rural mortality rates during heat waves in Berlin
and Brandenburg. Germany. Environmental Pollution, 159(8–9), 2044–2050. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.envpol.2011.01.016
315
A clear weakness of all three approaches is that they neither include nor address
one of the most crucial urban social and democracy-related questions of today: justice
and fairness questions at the local—i.e. city—level are almost neglected. At the global
level, telecouplings have not even been touched (Haase 2019), and thus urbanisation
at the global level is difficult to tackle with any of the three concepts, although papers
have already been published on global principles and upscaling from single cities
and urban areas.
Acknowledgements Dagmar Haase’s research was supported by Project ENABLE, funded via the
2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals. National funders of the project were
the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning, the
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the German Aeronautics and Space Research Centre,
the National Science Centre (Poland), the Research Council of Norway and the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness.
References
Adli, M. (2017). Stress and the City: Warum Städte uns krank machen. Und warum sie trotzdem
gut für uns sind. C: Bertelsmann Verlag.
Andersson, E., McPherson, T., Kremer, P., Frantzeskaki, N., Gomez-Baggethun, E., Haase, D., et al.
(2015). Scale and context dependence of ecosystem service providing units. Ecosystem Services,
12, 157–164.
Andersson, E., Langemeyer, J., Borgström, S., McPhearson, T., Haase, D., Kronenberg, J., et al.
(2019). Enabling green and blue infrastructure to improve contributions to human well-being and
equity in urban systems. BioScience, in press. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz058.
Baró, F., Gómez-Baggethun, E., & Haase, D. (2017). Ecosystem service bundles from a supplydemand approach: Implications for landscape planning and management in an urban region.
Ecosystem Services, 24, 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.02.021
Biernacka, M., & Kronenberg, J. (2018). Classification of institutional barriers affecting the
availability, accessibility and attractiveness of urban green spaces. Urban Forestry and Urban
Greening, 36, 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.09.007
Bosch, M., & Sang, A. O. (2017). Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for
improved public health—A systematic review of reviews. Environmental Research, 158, 373–384.
Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C., & Maginnis, S. (Eds.). (2016). Nature-based solutions
to address global societal challenges. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.
CH.2016.13.en.
EEA website. (2019). https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban-enviro
nment/urban-green-infrastructure/what-is-green-infrastructure.
Ershad Sarabi, S., Han, Q., Romme, L. A. G., de Vries, B., & Wendling, L. (2019). Key enablers
of and barriers to the uptake and implementation of nature-based solutions in urban settings: A
review. Resources, 8, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8030121.
Fischer, L. K., Brinkmeyer, D., Honold, J., van der Jagt, A., Botzat, A., Lafortezza, R., et al. (2018).
Recreational ecosystem services in European cities: Sociocultural and geographic context matters
for park use. Ecosystem Services. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.01.015
Gabriel, K., & Endlicher, W. (2011). Urban and rural mortality rates during heat waves in Berlin
and Brandenburg. Germany. Environmental Pollution, 159(8–9), 2044–2050. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.envpol.2011.01.016