82
H
Harmonized World Soil Data (FAO HWSD), 21
Humanity, 6
Hydrometeorological Agency of the Republic
of Kazakhstan (Kazhydromet), 25
I
Industrialization, 44
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), 2
L
Land cover, 45, 65
Land degradation, 3
M
Mann-Kendall Trend Test, 24, 25
Modified Fournier Index (MFI), 20
Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation
(MUSLE), 6
N
Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), 25
National Snow and Ice Data Center
(NSIDC), 18, 25
Natural conditions, Central Asia
agriculture indicators, 10
Central Kazakhstan, 12
characteristic feature, 10
Chinese Tarim River, 11
climatic conditions, 10, 12, 13
deserts, 12
forests, 12
Kazakh Lowland, 11
land resources, 10
mountainous regions, 10
mountains, 12
plains and hills, 11
precipitation, 11
scarce river network, 12
small- and medium-sized rivers, 11
snow frontier, 12
Syr Darya flows, 11
Tien Shan, 12
Turan Lowland, 12
Ustyurt Plateau, 11
water management, 11
O
Off-site damage, 4
P
Plant biomass, 4
Precipitation data, 1, 2, 12, 18, 51
Projected rainfall data, 17, 18
R
Rainfall erosivity (R) factor, 13, 19–21
annual precipitation, 20, 21, 33, 37, 64
baseline data, 31, 35
baseline period, 33, 36
baseline precipitation, 33
Central Asia, 33, 42, 64
climate changes, 2, 3, 6, 44, 63
climatic data, 65
data, 2
distribution, precipitation, 44
ENSO, 44
erosion, 1
erosivity density, 24, 33
Europe, 45
events, 20
GCMs, 33, 34, 41, 64, 65
geographic location, 32
industrialization, 44
Kazakhstan, 38, 64
kinetic energy, raindrops, 6
Kyrgyzstan, 38, 64
longitude vs. latitude, 32
model evaluation, 25, 26
mountain system, 44
precipitation, 1, 2, 31, 44
rainfall effect, 33
RCP 8.5 scenario, 39
RUSLE, 1, 2
scenarios, 39
soil erosion, 2
spatial variation, 31
spatiotemporal Variability, 2
Tajikistan, 33, 39, 64
trend test, Kazakhstan, 24, 25
trends, 64
Turkmenistan, 39
urbanization, 44
Uzbekistan, 42
WorldClim, 30
Remote sensing (RS), 6, 7, 23, 27, 65
Representative Concentration Pathways
(RCPs), 3, 17
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE), 1, 2, 6
Central Asia, 28, 29
conservation practice factor, 22, 24, 30
cover management factor, 23, 30
DEM, 18
Index
H
Harmonized World Soil Data (FAO HWSD), 21
Humanity, 6
Hydrometeorological Agency of the Republic
of Kazakhstan (Kazhydromet), 25
I
Industrialization, 44
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), 2
L
Land cover, 45, 65
Land degradation, 3
M
Mann-Kendall Trend Test, 24, 25
Modified Fournier Index (MFI), 20
Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation
(MUSLE), 6
N
Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), 25
National Snow and Ice Data Center
(NSIDC), 18, 25
Natural conditions, Central Asia
agriculture indicators, 10
Central Kazakhstan, 12
characteristic feature, 10
Chinese Tarim River, 11
climatic conditions, 10, 12, 13
deserts, 12
forests, 12
Kazakh Lowland, 11
land resources, 10
mountainous regions, 10
mountains, 12
plains and hills, 11
precipitation, 11
scarce river network, 12
small- and medium-sized rivers, 11
snow frontier, 12
Syr Darya flows, 11
Tien Shan, 12
Turan Lowland, 12
Ustyurt Plateau, 11
water management, 11
O
Off-site damage, 4
P
Plant biomass, 4
Precipitation data, 1, 2, 12, 18, 51
Projected rainfall data, 17, 18
R
Rainfall erosivity (R) factor, 13, 19–21
annual precipitation, 20, 21, 33, 37, 64
baseline data, 31, 35
baseline period, 33, 36
baseline precipitation, 33
Central Asia, 33, 42, 64
climate changes, 2, 3, 6, 44, 63
climatic data, 65
data, 2
distribution, precipitation, 44
ENSO, 44
erosion, 1
erosivity density, 24, 33
Europe, 45
events, 20
GCMs, 33, 34, 41, 64, 65
geographic location, 32
industrialization, 44
Kazakhstan, 38, 64
kinetic energy, raindrops, 6
Kyrgyzstan, 38, 64
longitude vs. latitude, 32
model evaluation, 25, 26
mountain system, 44
precipitation, 1, 2, 31, 44
rainfall effect, 33
RCP 8.5 scenario, 39
RUSLE, 1, 2
scenarios, 39
soil erosion, 2
spatial variation, 31
spatiotemporal Variability, 2
Tajikistan, 33, 39, 64
trend test, Kazakhstan, 24, 25
trends, 64
Turkmenistan, 39
urbanization, 44
Uzbekistan, 42
WorldClim, 30
Remote sensing (RS), 6, 7, 23, 27, 65
Representative Concentration Pathways
(RCPs), 3, 17
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE), 1, 2, 6
Central Asia, 28, 29
conservation practice factor, 22, 24, 30
cover management factor, 23, 30
DEM, 18
Index