xii
5 Spatiotemporal Variations and Projected Rainfall Erosivity
and Erosivity Density in Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.1 Physical–Geographical Characteristics of Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.2 Annual Rainfall Erosivity Analysis and Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3 Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Rainfall Erosivity . . . . . . . 52
5.4 Erosivity Density in Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Appendix � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67
References � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73
Index � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81
Contents
5 Spatiotemporal Variations and Projected Rainfall Erosivity
and Erosivity Density in Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.1 Physical–Geographical Characteristics of Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.2 Annual Rainfall Erosivity Analysis and Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3 Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Rainfall Erosivity . . . . . . . 52
5.4 Erosivity Density in Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Appendix � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67
References � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73
Index � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81
Contents