absorbing antennae (Bedia et al. 2019; Zeng et al. 2016). Type II MOFs involves
the use of a photo-responsive dye-based organic ligand to absorb light and to transfer
photogenerated charges to the metal centers (Bedia et al. 2019). In type III
MOFs, the porous nature of the material serves a matrix in which the photo-active
components are compressed within its structure (Zeng et al. 2016). Nevertheless, the
lack of stability in water by MOFs hinders their application in photodegardation.
Alvaro et al. (2007) reported on the photo-degradation of phenol in water using
MOF-5. In a study conducted by Hausdorf et al. (2008) on MOF-5, the instability of
the material was found to be dependent on the modification of MOF structure and the
environment of the water. Laurier et al. (2013) reported on the photocatalytic
degradation of rhodamine 6G under visible light (550 nm) using Fe-MOFs. Their
studies showed that the photocatalytic performance of Fe-MOFs was more efficient
in comparison to traditional TiO 2 . Furthermore, they were able to maintain their
structural characteristics after a photocatalytic activity. Fig. 10.7b shows
photodegradation mechanism of MB using MOF where excited high-energy states
of electron and hole pairs occurs upon irradiated with light and this reacts with MB
resulting in their oxidation producing end products. Liu et al. (2014) reported on
photocatalytic activities of Cd(II)-imidazole MOFs for degradation of the MB and
methyl orange (MO) using UV light to promote the photogenerated charges that are
Table 10.2 MOF photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes
Material
Organic
dye
Irradiation time
(min)
PDE
%
References
MOF, [Cu(4,4
0 -bipy)Cl] n + H 2 O 2 MB
150
94
Zhang et al. 2018
MOF, [Co(4,4
0 -bipy)
(HCOO) 2 ] n + H 2 O 2
MB
150
55
Zhang et al. (2018)
Fe 2 O 3 /MIL-53(Fe)
MB
240
70
Feng et al. (2017)
Au@MIL-100(Fe)
MO
150
100
Liang et al. (2015)
Pd@MIL-100(Fe)
MO
150
100
Liang et al. (2015)
Pt@MIL-100(Fe)
MO
150
100
Liang et al. (2015)
rGO/NH 2 -MIL-125
MB
30
100
Hong et al. (2016)
rGO/MIL-88(Fe)
RhB, MB 20
100
Wu et al. (2014)
GO/MIL-101(Cr)
MG
60
92
Fazaeli et al.
(2015)
MIL-53(Fe)
Phenol
180
99
Sun et al. (2015)
NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe)
Phenol
180
92
Sun et al. (2015)
Fe(BDC)(DMF)
Phenol
180
99
Sun et al. (2015)
BiOBr/NH 2 -MIL-125
RhB
100
100
Zhu et al. (2016)
Bi 2 MoO 6 /MIL-100
RhB
90
90
Yang et al. (2017)
Ag 3 PO 4 /MIL-53(Fe)
RhB
90
100
Sha et al. (2015)
g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-125
RhB
60
100
Wang et al. (2015)
g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-100
RhB
240
100
Hong et al. (2016)
g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-53(Al)
RhB
75
100
Guo et al. (2015)
MIL-53(Fe)
RhB
50
98
Ai et al. (2014)
276
T. C. Maponya et al.
the use of a photo-responsive dye-based organic ligand to absorb light and to transfer
photogenerated charges to the metal centers (Bedia et al. 2019). In type III
MOFs, the porous nature of the material serves a matrix in which the photo-active
components are compressed within its structure (Zeng et al. 2016). Nevertheless, the
lack of stability in water by MOFs hinders their application in photodegardation.
Alvaro et al. (2007) reported on the photo-degradation of phenol in water using
MOF-5. In a study conducted by Hausdorf et al. (2008) on MOF-5, the instability of
the material was found to be dependent on the modification of MOF structure and the
environment of the water. Laurier et al. (2013) reported on the photocatalytic
degradation of rhodamine 6G under visible light (550 nm) using Fe-MOFs. Their
studies showed that the photocatalytic performance of Fe-MOFs was more efficient
in comparison to traditional TiO 2 . Furthermore, they were able to maintain their
structural characteristics after a photocatalytic activity. Fig. 10.7b shows
photodegradation mechanism of MB using MOF where excited high-energy states
of electron and hole pairs occurs upon irradiated with light and this reacts with MB
resulting in their oxidation producing end products. Liu et al. (2014) reported on
photocatalytic activities of Cd(II)-imidazole MOFs for degradation of the MB and
methyl orange (MO) using UV light to promote the photogenerated charges that are
Table 10.2 MOF photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes
Material
Organic
dye
Irradiation time
(min)
PDE
%
References
MOF, [Cu(4,4
0 -bipy)Cl] n + H 2 O 2 MB
150
94
Zhang et al. 2018
MOF, [Co(4,4
0 -bipy)
(HCOO) 2 ] n + H 2 O 2
MB
150
55
Zhang et al. (2018)
Fe 2 O 3 /MIL-53(Fe)
MB
240
70
Feng et al. (2017)
Au@MIL-100(Fe)
MO
150
100
Liang et al. (2015)
Pd@MIL-100(Fe)
MO
150
100
Liang et al. (2015)
Pt@MIL-100(Fe)
MO
150
100
Liang et al. (2015)
rGO/NH 2 -MIL-125
MB
30
100
Hong et al. (2016)
rGO/MIL-88(Fe)
RhB, MB 20
100
Wu et al. (2014)
GO/MIL-101(Cr)
MG
60
92
Fazaeli et al.
(2015)
MIL-53(Fe)
Phenol
180
99
Sun et al. (2015)
NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe)
Phenol
180
92
Sun et al. (2015)
Fe(BDC)(DMF)
Phenol
180
99
Sun et al. (2015)
BiOBr/NH 2 -MIL-125
RhB
100
100
Zhu et al. (2016)
Bi 2 MoO 6 /MIL-100
RhB
90
90
Yang et al. (2017)
Ag 3 PO 4 /MIL-53(Fe)
RhB
90
100
Sha et al. (2015)
g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-125
RhB
60
100
Wang et al. (2015)
g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-100
RhB
240
100
Hong et al. (2016)
g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-53(Al)
RhB
75
100
Guo et al. (2015)
MIL-53(Fe)
RhB
50
98
Ai et al. (2014)
276
T. C. Maponya et al.