ideal choice for the anions are oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus. Unfortunately, there
are no present studies concerning in terms of materials abundance in environmental
radiation technologies for high volume commercial application. The technology is
nascent, still possible to shift the direction of water remediation technology to the
sustainability and affordability. Hence new synthetic methods should be encouraged
to create new photocatalytic materials with high abundance elements. The research
direction can be advanced by developing theories and computation models in new
photocatalytic materials. The main challenge associated with the solution is understanding the fundamental of the new catalyst and exploit them. Because new catalyst
must be with optimal band gap for absorption and should have more catalytic surface
centers which will reflect in photon collection and charge separation. Hence, focused
and committed research efforts required in this direction of material abundance
based research approach. This is possible by new type of material regime such as
nanoscale materials and MOFs. Another issue is that selectivity of photocatalyst
towards variety of contaminants present in water. The catalyst expected to be
universal in terms of anchoring contaminants but further it need to be identified
and developed. Analytically, the approach of using earth abundant materials provides expansion of photocatalytic materials based water remediation technology and
industrial level scale up. In summary, the integrating earth abundant materials will
provide the permanent solution and we could realize photocatalyst based water
remediation technology.
7.4 Conclusion and Outlook
Our work suggests that world problems like environmental remediation not solved
by merely considering research and development but abundance also should be
taken in to consideration. The materials abundance based research should be taken
as research approach for industry and academia. This approach not only solve the
problem of material abundance but also integrate the solution of future problems.
Heterogenous catalysis is ideal solution for the environmental remediation. The new
heterogenous catalysis technologies and products should have the vision of sustainability and hence materials abundance.
The ever-increasing demands of sustainability forces the mass production also in
the sustainable way such as abundance of raw materials. The present work informs
the importance of abundance while designing heterogenous photocatalytic materials
for water treatment process. The problem of abundance can be solved in terms of the
four categories. First is to increase the efficiency of current running horse materials.
While increase the efficiency, the less amount of the catalyst required to the cleanup
water. But at some point of time, end of the material abundance will come. Second is
materials used in the heterogenous catalysis can be recycled. But the recycling at the
global scale itself a new technology and not possible at current scenarios. Third is
use two or more less earth abundant materials for the heterogenous catalyst based
water remediation. That is, for few occasions aluminium can be used and some
7 Earth Abundant Materials for Environmental Remediation and Commercialization
211
are no present studies concerning in terms of materials abundance in environmental
radiation technologies for high volume commercial application. The technology is
nascent, still possible to shift the direction of water remediation technology to the
sustainability and affordability. Hence new synthetic methods should be encouraged
to create new photocatalytic materials with high abundance elements. The research
direction can be advanced by developing theories and computation models in new
photocatalytic materials. The main challenge associated with the solution is understanding the fundamental of the new catalyst and exploit them. Because new catalyst
must be with optimal band gap for absorption and should have more catalytic surface
centers which will reflect in photon collection and charge separation. Hence, focused
and committed research efforts required in this direction of material abundance
based research approach. This is possible by new type of material regime such as
nanoscale materials and MOFs. Another issue is that selectivity of photocatalyst
towards variety of contaminants present in water. The catalyst expected to be
universal in terms of anchoring contaminants but further it need to be identified
and developed. Analytically, the approach of using earth abundant materials provides expansion of photocatalytic materials based water remediation technology and
industrial level scale up. In summary, the integrating earth abundant materials will
provide the permanent solution and we could realize photocatalyst based water
remediation technology.
7.4 Conclusion and Outlook
Our work suggests that world problems like environmental remediation not solved
by merely considering research and development but abundance also should be
taken in to consideration. The materials abundance based research should be taken
as research approach for industry and academia. This approach not only solve the
problem of material abundance but also integrate the solution of future problems.
Heterogenous catalysis is ideal solution for the environmental remediation. The new
heterogenous catalysis technologies and products should have the vision of sustainability and hence materials abundance.
The ever-increasing demands of sustainability forces the mass production also in
the sustainable way such as abundance of raw materials. The present work informs
the importance of abundance while designing heterogenous photocatalytic materials
for water treatment process. The problem of abundance can be solved in terms of the
four categories. First is to increase the efficiency of current running horse materials.
While increase the efficiency, the less amount of the catalyst required to the cleanup
water. But at some point of time, end of the material abundance will come. Second is
materials used in the heterogenous catalysis can be recycled. But the recycling at the
global scale itself a new technology and not possible at current scenarios. Third is
use two or more less earth abundant materials for the heterogenous catalyst based
water remediation. That is, for few occasions aluminium can be used and some
7 Earth Abundant Materials for Environmental Remediation and Commercialization
211