recycling tendency is different for different materials and all materials cannot be
recycled many times. In summary, recycling the photocatalytic materials indirectly
maximize the life time of the catalyst. But the balance of economics should be
achieved to realize the sustainable next generation technology.
7.3.3 Using Two or more Efficient Materials by Optimised
Combination
Earth abundance issue can be solved by using two or more moderately earth
abundant materials in photocatalysis. For example, develop the TiO 2 and CuS
based photocatalyst and use it as two different technology for water remediation.
Hence, total abundance of materials used in the photocatalyst meets the world-scale
demand. The solution is also temporary and eventually postpone the materials
depletion. The solution can be simply explained as selective materials for the
selective water remediation. One another similar solution is using the composite
materials, the composite materials have the advantages of the both components and
enhance the efficiency (Pawar et al. 2015). Hence, composting the scarce materials
with the earth abundant materials is another meaningful direction. Another similar
direction is using core-shell nanoparticles for the water remediation (Kaur et al.
2014; Khanchandani et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2010). Because the
core and shell is different materials and different function can be integrated. Another
important advantage of core-shell materials is charge separation through the band
gap engineering. That is if we coat the low band gap material than core, the excited
electron is free flowing and can be utilized effectively for photocatalysis (Balet et al.
2004; Dorfs et al. 2008; Ivanov et al. 2007). The solution of using two or different
materials for water remediation is scientific and not favorable in terms of technological point view. Because two different technology requires different set of the
skills to operate and different type of training required for labor. Another issue is that
research community generally chooses the materials at will, hence convincing them
to adopt two different materials for research and development is impractical. Overall,
using two or more efficient materials research is temporary and provide immediate
solution.
7.3.4 Earth Abundant Materials Based Material Design
The meaningful solution for the less abundant materials used in the photocatalytic
water remediation process is directing the research towards more abundant materials
such as aluminium and oxygen. To the best of our knowledge, the solution is
permanent, feasible and sustainable in the water remediation. By our analysis ideal
choice of cations are aluminium, silicon, copper, magnesium and barium. Similarly,
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J. Nimita Jebaranjitham et al.
recycled many times. In summary, recycling the photocatalytic materials indirectly
maximize the life time of the catalyst. But the balance of economics should be
achieved to realize the sustainable next generation technology.
7.3.3 Using Two or more Efficient Materials by Optimised
Combination
Earth abundance issue can be solved by using two or more moderately earth
abundant materials in photocatalysis. For example, develop the TiO 2 and CuS
based photocatalyst and use it as two different technology for water remediation.
Hence, total abundance of materials used in the photocatalyst meets the world-scale
demand. The solution is also temporary and eventually postpone the materials
depletion. The solution can be simply explained as selective materials for the
selective water remediation. One another similar solution is using the composite
materials, the composite materials have the advantages of the both components and
enhance the efficiency (Pawar et al. 2015). Hence, composting the scarce materials
with the earth abundant materials is another meaningful direction. Another similar
direction is using core-shell nanoparticles for the water remediation (Kaur et al.
2014; Khanchandani et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2010). Because the
core and shell is different materials and different function can be integrated. Another
important advantage of core-shell materials is charge separation through the band
gap engineering. That is if we coat the low band gap material than core, the excited
electron is free flowing and can be utilized effectively for photocatalysis (Balet et al.
2004; Dorfs et al. 2008; Ivanov et al. 2007). The solution of using two or different
materials for water remediation is scientific and not favorable in terms of technological point view. Because two different technology requires different set of the
skills to operate and different type of training required for labor. Another issue is that
research community generally chooses the materials at will, hence convincing them
to adopt two different materials for research and development is impractical. Overall,
using two or more efficient materials research is temporary and provide immediate
solution.
7.3.4 Earth Abundant Materials Based Material Design
The meaningful solution for the less abundant materials used in the photocatalytic
water remediation process is directing the research towards more abundant materials
such as aluminium and oxygen. To the best of our knowledge, the solution is
permanent, feasible and sustainable in the water remediation. By our analysis ideal
choice of cations are aluminium, silicon, copper, magnesium and barium. Similarly,
210
J. Nimita Jebaranjitham et al.