Table 8.1
The list of common environmental processes catalyzed by microbial guilds (adapted from Perez-Garcia et al. 2016)
Catalytic microbial guild
Catalyzed environmental
process
Service/application
Guild’s model species
References
Aerobic heterotrophic
bacteria
Organic carbon degradation
(breakdown of suspended
carbon to soluble carbon)
Organic matter removal
from wastewater
Bacteroidetes
α- and
β-proteobacteria,
Acidovorax
spp., Fermicutes
spp.
Wagner and Loy (2002),
Wagner et al. (2002), Das
et al. (2011)
Organic carbon oxidation
(soluble carbon to CO
2 )
Organic matter removal
from wastewater
Bacteroidetes
α- and
β-proteobacteria,
Acidovorax
spp., Fermicutes
spp
Wagner and Loy (2002),
Wagner et al. (2002), Das
et al. (2011)
Proteolysis (organic nitrogen
to NH + 4)
Global nitrogen cycle,
organic matter removal
from wastewater
Bacteroidetes
α- and
β-proteobacteria,
Acidovorax
spp., Fermicutes
spp.
Wagner and Loy (2002),
Wagner et al. (2002), Das
et al. (2011), Schreiber et al.
(2012)
Heterotrophic denitrifiers
Denitrification (NOÀ3/
NOÀ2reduction to N2)
Global nitrogen cycle,
biological nitrogen removal
from wastewater
Paracoccus denitrificans,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acidovorax
spp.,
α-, and
β-proteobacteria
Ferguson, (1998), Brown
(2010), Kraft et al. (2011),
Schreiber et al. (2012)
Autotrophic nitrifiers,
including both ammonia
oxidizing bacteria (AOB)
and nitrite oxidizing
bacteria (NOB)
Nitritation (NH + 4
oxidation to NOÀ2)
Global nitrogen cycle,
nitrogen removal from
wastewater
Nitrosomonas europaea,
Nitrosomonas eutropha,
Nitrosospira
spp.
Hooper (1991), Arp et al.
(2002), Chain et al. (2003),
Ferguson et al. (2007),
Perez-Garcia et al. (2014b)
Nitratation (NOÀ2
oxidation to NOÀ3)
Global nitrogen cycle,
nitrogen removal from
wastewater
Nitrospira defluvii,
Nitrobacter
spp.
Freitag and Bock (1990),
Ferguson et al. (2007),
Lücker et al. (2010),
Schreiber et al. (2012)
Nitrifier denitrification and
hydroxylamine incomplete
oxidation (production of NO
and N2O)
Production and emission
greenhouse and ozone
depleting gases
Nitrosomonas europaea,
Nitrosomonas eutropha
Shaw et al. (2006), Yu et al.
(2010), Chandran et al.
(2011), Schreiber et al.
(2012)
164
J. Tomar
The list of common environmental processes catalyzed by microbial guilds (adapted from Perez-Garcia et al. 2016)
Catalytic microbial guild
Catalyzed environmental
process
Service/application
Guild’s model species
References
Aerobic heterotrophic
bacteria
Organic carbon degradation
(breakdown of suspended
carbon to soluble carbon)
Organic matter removal
from wastewater
Bacteroidetes
α- and
β-proteobacteria,
Acidovorax
spp., Fermicutes
spp.
Wagner and Loy (2002),
Wagner et al. (2002), Das
et al. (2011)
Organic carbon oxidation
(soluble carbon to CO
2 )
Organic matter removal
from wastewater
Bacteroidetes
α- and
β-proteobacteria,
Acidovorax
spp., Fermicutes
spp
Wagner and Loy (2002),
Wagner et al. (2002), Das
et al. (2011)
Proteolysis (organic nitrogen
to NH + 4)
Global nitrogen cycle,
organic matter removal
from wastewater
Bacteroidetes
α- and
β-proteobacteria,
Acidovorax
spp., Fermicutes
spp.
Wagner and Loy (2002),
Wagner et al. (2002), Das
et al. (2011), Schreiber et al.
(2012)
Heterotrophic denitrifiers
Denitrification (NOÀ3/
NOÀ2reduction to N2)
Global nitrogen cycle,
biological nitrogen removal
from wastewater
Paracoccus denitrificans,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acidovorax
spp.,
α-, and
β-proteobacteria
Ferguson, (1998), Brown
(2010), Kraft et al. (2011),
Schreiber et al. (2012)
Autotrophic nitrifiers,
including both ammonia
oxidizing bacteria (AOB)
and nitrite oxidizing
bacteria (NOB)
Nitritation (NH + 4
oxidation to NOÀ2)
Global nitrogen cycle,
nitrogen removal from
wastewater
Nitrosomonas europaea,
Nitrosomonas eutropha,
Nitrosospira
spp.
Hooper (1991), Arp et al.
(2002), Chain et al. (2003),
Ferguson et al. (2007),
Perez-Garcia et al. (2014b)
Nitratation (NOÀ2
oxidation to NOÀ3)
Global nitrogen cycle,
nitrogen removal from
wastewater
Nitrospira defluvii,
Nitrobacter
spp.
Freitag and Bock (1990),
Ferguson et al. (2007),
Lücker et al. (2010),
Schreiber et al. (2012)
Nitrifier denitrification and
hydroxylamine incomplete
oxidation (production of NO
and N2O)
Production and emission
greenhouse and ozone
depleting gases
Nitrosomonas europaea,
Nitrosomonas eutropha
Shaw et al. (2006), Yu et al.
(2010), Chandran et al.
(2011), Schreiber et al.
(2012)
164
J. Tomar