Bugg TD, Ahmad M, Hardiman EM et al (2011a) The emerging role for bacteria in lignin
degradation and bio-product formation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22:394–400
Bugg TD, Ahmad M, Hardiman EM (2011b) Pathways for degradation of lignin in bacteria and
fungi. Nat Prod Rep 28:1883–1896
Bugg TD, Rahmanpour R, Rashid GM (2016) Bacterial enzymes for lignin oxidation and conversion to renewable chemicals. In: Production of biofuels and chemicals from lignin. Springer,
Singapore, pp 131–146
Chakar FS, Ragauskas AJ (2004) Review of current and future softwood kraft lignin process
chemistry. Ind Crops Prod 20:131–141
Chandra R, Chowdhary P (2015) Properties of bacterial laccases and their application in bioremediation of industrial wastes. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17:326–342
Chen Z, Wan C (2017) Biovalorization strategies for converting lignin in to fuels and chemicals.
Renew Sustain Energ Rev 73:610–621
de Gonzalo G, Colpa DI, Habib MH et al (2016) Bacterial enzymes involved in lignin degradation. J
Biotechnol 236:110–119
de Jong E, Higson A, Walsh P et al (2012) Bio-based chemicals value added products from
biorefineries. IEA Bioen, Task 42 Bioref
DeAngelis KM, Sharma D, Varney R et al (2013) Evidence supporting dissimilatory and assimilatory lignin degradation in Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1. Front Microbiol 4:280
Doherty WO, Mousavioun P, Fellows CM (2011) Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: lignin
polymers. Ind Crops Prod 33:259–276
Feng J, Jiang J, Yang Z, Su Q et al (2016) Characterization of depolymerized lignin and renewable
phenolic compounds from liquefied waste biomass. RSC Adv 6:95698–95707
Feofilova EP, Mysyakina IS (2016) Lignin: chemical structure, biodegradation, and practical
application (a review). Appl Microbiol Biochem 52:573–581
Fuchs G, Bol M, Heider J (2011) Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds--from one strategy
to four. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:803
Gírio FM, Fonseca C, Carvalheiro F et al (2010) Hemicelluloses for fuel ethanol: a review.
Bioresour Technol 101:4775–4800
Gomes FJ, Santos FA, Colodette JL et al (2014) Literature review on biorefinery processes
integrated to the pulp industry. Nat Resour 5:419
Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Strauss J et al (2016) Lignocellulosic biomass: biosynthesis, degradation, and industrial utilization. Eng Life Sci 16:1–16
Harmsen PFH, Huijgen W, Bermudez L, et al (2010) Literature review of physical and chemical
pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass (No.1184). Wageningen UR Food &
Biobased Research
Harwood CS, Parales RE (1996) The β-ketoadipate pathway and the biology of self-identity. Annu
Rev Microbiol 50:553–590
IEA (InternationalEnergyAgency). https://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/subtopics/bioenergy/.
Accessed Nov 2016
Kameshwar AKS, Qin W (2016) Lignin degrading fungal enzymes. In: Production of biofuels and
chemicals from lignin. Springer, Singapore, pp 81–130
Kumar M, Singh J, Singh MK et al (2015) Investigating the degradation process of kraft lignin by
β–proteobacterium, Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:15690–15702
Kumar M, Gazara RK, Verma S et al (2016) Genome sequence of Pandoraea sp. ISTKB, a lignindegrading betaproteobacterium, isolated from rhizospheric soil. Gen Ann 4:e01240-16
Kumar M, Singhal A, Verma PK et al (2017) Production and characterization of
Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Lignin derivatives by Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. ACS Omega
2:9156–9163
Kumar M, Verma S, Gazara RK et al (2018) Genomic and proteomic analysis of lignin degrading
and polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulating β–proteobacterium Pandoraea sp. ISTKB Biotechol
Biofuel 11:154
4 Bacterial-Mediated Depolymerization and Degradation of Lignin
101
degradation and bio-product formation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22:394–400
Bugg TD, Ahmad M, Hardiman EM (2011b) Pathways for degradation of lignin in bacteria and
fungi. Nat Prod Rep 28:1883–1896
Bugg TD, Rahmanpour R, Rashid GM (2016) Bacterial enzymes for lignin oxidation and conversion to renewable chemicals. In: Production of biofuels and chemicals from lignin. Springer,
Singapore, pp 131–146
Chakar FS, Ragauskas AJ (2004) Review of current and future softwood kraft lignin process
chemistry. Ind Crops Prod 20:131–141
Chandra R, Chowdhary P (2015) Properties of bacterial laccases and their application in bioremediation of industrial wastes. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17:326–342
Chen Z, Wan C (2017) Biovalorization strategies for converting lignin in to fuels and chemicals.
Renew Sustain Energ Rev 73:610–621
de Gonzalo G, Colpa DI, Habib MH et al (2016) Bacterial enzymes involved in lignin degradation. J
Biotechnol 236:110–119
de Jong E, Higson A, Walsh P et al (2012) Bio-based chemicals value added products from
biorefineries. IEA Bioen, Task 42 Bioref
DeAngelis KM, Sharma D, Varney R et al (2013) Evidence supporting dissimilatory and assimilatory lignin degradation in Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1. Front Microbiol 4:280
Doherty WO, Mousavioun P, Fellows CM (2011) Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: lignin
polymers. Ind Crops Prod 33:259–276
Feng J, Jiang J, Yang Z, Su Q et al (2016) Characterization of depolymerized lignin and renewable
phenolic compounds from liquefied waste biomass. RSC Adv 6:95698–95707
Feofilova EP, Mysyakina IS (2016) Lignin: chemical structure, biodegradation, and practical
application (a review). Appl Microbiol Biochem 52:573–581
Fuchs G, Bol M, Heider J (2011) Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds--from one strategy
to four. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:803
Gírio FM, Fonseca C, Carvalheiro F et al (2010) Hemicelluloses for fuel ethanol: a review.
Bioresour Technol 101:4775–4800
Gomes FJ, Santos FA, Colodette JL et al (2014) Literature review on biorefinery processes
integrated to the pulp industry. Nat Resour 5:419
Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Strauss J et al (2016) Lignocellulosic biomass: biosynthesis, degradation, and industrial utilization. Eng Life Sci 16:1–16
Harmsen PFH, Huijgen W, Bermudez L, et al (2010) Literature review of physical and chemical
pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass (No.1184). Wageningen UR Food &
Biobased Research
Harwood CS, Parales RE (1996) The β-ketoadipate pathway and the biology of self-identity. Annu
Rev Microbiol 50:553–590
IEA (InternationalEnergyAgency). https://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/subtopics/bioenergy/.
Accessed Nov 2016
Kameshwar AKS, Qin W (2016) Lignin degrading fungal enzymes. In: Production of biofuels and
chemicals from lignin. Springer, Singapore, pp 81–130
Kumar M, Singh J, Singh MK et al (2015) Investigating the degradation process of kraft lignin by
β–proteobacterium, Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:15690–15702
Kumar M, Gazara RK, Verma S et al (2016) Genome sequence of Pandoraea sp. ISTKB, a lignindegrading betaproteobacterium, isolated from rhizospheric soil. Gen Ann 4:e01240-16
Kumar M, Singhal A, Verma PK et al (2017) Production and characterization of
Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Lignin derivatives by Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. ACS Omega
2:9156–9163
Kumar M, Verma S, Gazara RK et al (2018) Genomic and proteomic analysis of lignin degrading
and polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulating β–proteobacterium Pandoraea sp. ISTKB Biotechol
Biofuel 11:154
4 Bacterial-Mediated Depolymerization and Degradation of Lignin
101