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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
D. J. Soeder, Fracking and the Environment,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59121-2
Appendices
Appendix A: Acronyms and Glossary
A
Cross sectional area term in Darcy’s Law
AAPG
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (professional society)
API
American Petroleum Institute: Industry trade and standards-setting
organization founded in 1919 to establish consensus standards for the oil and
gas industry.
Associated gas
Natural gas that occurs with petroleum in a reservoir, either as a separate
phase occupying pore space above the oil, or as a solution phase within the
oil itself.
Blooey line
A diversion pipe to a storage tank for fluids initially returned from a well
after a completion. Gas from the blooey line is usually flared.
Breakdown
pressure
Pressure at which rock strength is overcome and a hydraulic fracture is
initiated.
BOP
Blow-out preventer: Hydraulic jaws and ram on the wellhead designed to
close off the well in event of a blow-out.
Bottomhole
assembly
Downhole impeller, mud motor, cutting bit, steering, and navigational
equipment used for directional drilling
Btu
British thermal unit; a measure of energy equivalent to about 250 calories; a
cubic foot of natural gas contains about 1000 Btu.
Cable tool rig
Old-style drill rig that used a bit mounted to a lift-and-drop cable
arrangement to pound a hole in the ground by percussion. Largely replaced
by rotary rigs, but a few are still in use for small drilling operations.
Carbonatation
A carbon dioxide capture process that uses calcium hydroxide. There is a
similar process employing sodium hydroxide.
Casing
Protective liner, usually steel pipe, installed and cemented in a well to seal
off different zones; each diameter is called a “string.”
CCCM
The climate change counter-movement – Organized opposition to climate
change that attempts to sow confusion, doubt and uncertainty about the
science.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
D. J. Soeder, Fracking and the Environment,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59121-2
Appendices
Appendix A: Acronyms and Glossary
A
Cross sectional area term in Darcy’s Law
AAPG
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (professional society)
API
American Petroleum Institute: Industry trade and standards-setting
organization founded in 1919 to establish consensus standards for the oil and
gas industry.
Associated gas
Natural gas that occurs with petroleum in a reservoir, either as a separate
phase occupying pore space above the oil, or as a solution phase within the
oil itself.
Blooey line
A diversion pipe to a storage tank for fluids initially returned from a well
after a completion. Gas from the blooey line is usually flared.
Breakdown
pressure
Pressure at which rock strength is overcome and a hydraulic fracture is
initiated.
BOP
Blow-out preventer: Hydraulic jaws and ram on the wellhead designed to
close off the well in event of a blow-out.
Bottomhole
assembly
Downhole impeller, mud motor, cutting bit, steering, and navigational
equipment used for directional drilling
Btu
British thermal unit; a measure of energy equivalent to about 250 calories; a
cubic foot of natural gas contains about 1000 Btu.
Cable tool rig
Old-style drill rig that used a bit mounted to a lift-and-drop cable
arrangement to pound a hole in the ground by percussion. Largely replaced
by rotary rigs, but a few are still in use for small drilling operations.
Carbonatation
A carbon dioxide capture process that uses calcium hydroxide. There is a
similar process employing sodium hydroxide.
Casing
Protective liner, usually steel pipe, installed and cemented in a well to seal
off different zones; each diameter is called a “string.”
CCCM
The climate change counter-movement – Organized opposition to climate
change that attempts to sow confusion, doubt and uncertainty about the
science.