152
Vidal, M., Woodward, G., & Olesen, J. M. (2012). Biodiversity, species interactions and ecological networks in a fragmented world. Advances in Ecological Research, 46, 89–210.
HEI (Health Effects Institute). (2019). Human exposure to unconventional oil and gas development: A literature survey for research planning: Special report 2 (Draft for Public Comment):
Boston, HEI-Energy Research Committee, 108 p. www.hei-energy.org
Institute of Medicine. (2014). Health impact assessment of shale gas extraction: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 154 p. https://doi.org/10.17226/18376.
Krupnick, A. J., & Echarte, I. (2017). Health impacts of unconventional oil and gas development.
Washington, DC: Resources for the Future (RFF). 32 p.
Matuszczak, R. A. (1973). Wattenberg field, Denver Basin, Colorado. The Mountain Geologist,
10(3), 99–105.
McMahon, P. B., Caldwell, R. R., Galloway, J. M., Valder, J. F., & Hunt, A. G. (2015). Quality and
age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken formation production area, Williston basin, Montana
and North Dakota. Groundwater, 53, 81–94.
McMahon, P. B., Kulongoski, J. T., Wright, M. T., Land, M. T., Landon, M. K., Cozzarelli, I. M.,
Vengosh, A., & Aiken, G. R. (2016). Preliminary results from exploratory sampling of wells for
the California oil, gas, and groundwater program, 2014-15. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 2016-1100, 8 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161100.
McMahon, P. B., Barlow, J. R. B., Engle, M. A., Belitz, K., Ging, P. B., Hunt, A. G., Jurgens, B. C.,
Kharaka, Y. K., Tollett, R. W., & Kresse, T. M. (2017). Methane and benzene in drinking-water
wells overlying the Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville shale hydrocarbon production
areas. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(12), 6727–6734.
McMahon, P. B., Lindsey, B. D., Conlon, M. D., Hunt, A. G., Belitz, K., Jurgens, B. C., & Varela,
B. A. (2019). Hydrocarbons in upland groundwater, Marcellus shale region, northeastern
Pennsylvania and southern New York, USA. Environmental Science & Technology, Online
Publication Date: 27 June 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01440
Mumford, A. C., Maloney, K. O., Akob, D. M., Nettemann, S., Proctor, A., Ditty, J., Ulsamer,
L., Lookenbill, J., & Cozzarelli, I. M. (2020). Shale gas development has limited effects on
stream biology and geochemistry in a gradient-based, multiparameter study in Pennsylvania.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(7), 3670–3677. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1911458117.
Nsanzineza, R., Capps, S. L., & Milford, J. B. (2019). Modeling emissions and ozone air quality
impacts of future scenarios for energy and power production in the Rocky Mountain states.
Environmental Science & Technology, 53(13), 7893–7902.
Patnode, K. A., Hittle, E., Anderson, R. M., Zimmerman, L., & Fulton, J. W. (2015). Effects of
high salinity wastewater discharges on Unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania.
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 6(1), 55–70.
Pekney, N., Reeder, M., & Mundia-Howe, M. (2018). Air quality measurements at the Marcellus
shale energy and environment laboratory site. EM The Magazine for Environmental Managers,
August 2018, Air & Waste Management Association, 5 p.
Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry. (2018). Shale gas monitoring report. Harrisburg, PA: PA
Department of Conservation & Natural Resources. 199 p.
Pétron, G., Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Miller, B. R., Montzka, S. A., Frost, G. J., Trainer, M., Tans,
P., Andrews, A., Kofler, J., Helmig, D., Guenther, D., Dlugokencky, E., Lang, P., Newberger,
T., Wolter, S., Hall, B., Novelli, P., Brewer, A., Conley, S., Hardesty, M., Banta, R., White, A.,
Noone, D., Wolfe, D., & Schnell, R. (2014). A new look at methane and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Colorado Denver-Julesburg Basin.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 119, 6836–6852.
Prpich, G., & Coulon, F. (2018). Assessing unconventional natural gas development: Understanding
risks in the context of the EU. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 3, 47–51.
Sakashita, M. (2014). Troubled waters: Offshore Fracking’s threat to California’s ocean, air and
seismic stability. Tucson: Center for Biological Diversity. 6 p.
8 Impacts to Human Health and Ecosystems
Vidal, M., Woodward, G., & Olesen, J. M. (2012). Biodiversity, species interactions and ecological networks in a fragmented world. Advances in Ecological Research, 46, 89–210.
HEI (Health Effects Institute). (2019). Human exposure to unconventional oil and gas development: A literature survey for research planning: Special report 2 (Draft for Public Comment):
Boston, HEI-Energy Research Committee, 108 p. www.hei-energy.org
Institute of Medicine. (2014). Health impact assessment of shale gas extraction: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 154 p. https://doi.org/10.17226/18376.
Krupnick, A. J., & Echarte, I. (2017). Health impacts of unconventional oil and gas development.
Washington, DC: Resources for the Future (RFF). 32 p.
Matuszczak, R. A. (1973). Wattenberg field, Denver Basin, Colorado. The Mountain Geologist,
10(3), 99–105.
McMahon, P. B., Caldwell, R. R., Galloway, J. M., Valder, J. F., & Hunt, A. G. (2015). Quality and
age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken formation production area, Williston basin, Montana
and North Dakota. Groundwater, 53, 81–94.
McMahon, P. B., Kulongoski, J. T., Wright, M. T., Land, M. T., Landon, M. K., Cozzarelli, I. M.,
Vengosh, A., & Aiken, G. R. (2016). Preliminary results from exploratory sampling of wells for
the California oil, gas, and groundwater program, 2014-15. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 2016-1100, 8 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161100.
McMahon, P. B., Barlow, J. R. B., Engle, M. A., Belitz, K., Ging, P. B., Hunt, A. G., Jurgens, B. C.,
Kharaka, Y. K., Tollett, R. W., & Kresse, T. M. (2017). Methane and benzene in drinking-water
wells overlying the Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville shale hydrocarbon production
areas. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(12), 6727–6734.
McMahon, P. B., Lindsey, B. D., Conlon, M. D., Hunt, A. G., Belitz, K., Jurgens, B. C., & Varela,
B. A. (2019). Hydrocarbons in upland groundwater, Marcellus shale region, northeastern
Pennsylvania and southern New York, USA. Environmental Science & Technology, Online
Publication Date: 27 June 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01440
Mumford, A. C., Maloney, K. O., Akob, D. M., Nettemann, S., Proctor, A., Ditty, J., Ulsamer,
L., Lookenbill, J., & Cozzarelli, I. M. (2020). Shale gas development has limited effects on
stream biology and geochemistry in a gradient-based, multiparameter study in Pennsylvania.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(7), 3670–3677. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1911458117.
Nsanzineza, R., Capps, S. L., & Milford, J. B. (2019). Modeling emissions and ozone air quality
impacts of future scenarios for energy and power production in the Rocky Mountain states.
Environmental Science & Technology, 53(13), 7893–7902.
Patnode, K. A., Hittle, E., Anderson, R. M., Zimmerman, L., & Fulton, J. W. (2015). Effects of
high salinity wastewater discharges on Unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania.
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 6(1), 55–70.
Pekney, N., Reeder, M., & Mundia-Howe, M. (2018). Air quality measurements at the Marcellus
shale energy and environment laboratory site. EM The Magazine for Environmental Managers,
August 2018, Air & Waste Management Association, 5 p.
Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry. (2018). Shale gas monitoring report. Harrisburg, PA: PA
Department of Conservation & Natural Resources. 199 p.
Pétron, G., Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Miller, B. R., Montzka, S. A., Frost, G. J., Trainer, M., Tans,
P., Andrews, A., Kofler, J., Helmig, D., Guenther, D., Dlugokencky, E., Lang, P., Newberger,
T., Wolter, S., Hall, B., Novelli, P., Brewer, A., Conley, S., Hardesty, M., Banta, R., White, A.,
Noone, D., Wolfe, D., & Schnell, R. (2014). A new look at methane and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Colorado Denver-Julesburg Basin.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 119, 6836–6852.
Prpich, G., & Coulon, F. (2018). Assessing unconventional natural gas development: Understanding
risks in the context of the EU. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 3, 47–51.
Sakashita, M. (2014). Troubled waters: Offshore Fracking’s threat to California’s ocean, air and
seismic stability. Tucson: Center for Biological Diversity. 6 p.
8 Impacts to Human Health and Ecosystems