18 Bridging the Vulnerability Paradigm to Critical Infrastructure …
339
in assessing CI vulnerabilities root causes necessary to properly address the “panarchical” nature of CI systems collapse. Pescaroli and Alexander (2016) consider that
these “panarchical collapses” are consequence of vulnerabilities that are accumulated
in different scales driven by the alignment of braking points of far more complex
social and ecological issues: “Nodes in critical infrastructure amplify the structural
weaknesses by transmitting them across (social and ecological) scales”. Authors are
pushing for considering CI as linked social, ecological and technological systems
(SETS) in order to prevent maladaptive issues such as lock-in in the context of the
climate change crisis (Payo et al. 2016; Markolf et al. 2018). One of these lock-in
maladaptations in the case of energy CI derive from the challenges of competing
pressures of private owners and operators to meet market demands, manage risk at
their company level, protect proprietary information, and limit shareholder liability
(Yusta et al. 2011); while they contrast to the collective scale of these energy systems
function and the State’s role to ensure their reliable and sustainable services and
goods.
18.5 Defining the Transportation Energy System (TES)
as a CI
18.5.1 Exposure to Current and Future Weather Hazards
and Concepts of Connectivity and Interdependence
of the TES in California
– Definition of the TES in California as an interconnected infrastructure with nodes
(energy infrastructure) and links (transportation infrastructure)
– Overview of direct exposure to coastal flooding and wildfire projections in
California
– Challenges remaining due to the intra-connectivity (within supply chain) and due
to interconnectivity (dependence on critical infrastructure outside of the supply
chain) (Figs. 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4).
18.5.2 Overview of Challenges and Uniqueness
of the Transportation Energy System Vulnerability
to Climate Change
The TES is today mostly represented by the interconnected infrastructure necessary
to extract, transform, and transport crude oil (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine 2018) derived fuel to consumers and it has unique features
that differentiate it from other CIs. These discriminating features explain why it is
underrepresented in literature, and even more so when considering empirical studies.
339
in assessing CI vulnerabilities root causes necessary to properly address the “panarchical” nature of CI systems collapse. Pescaroli and Alexander (2016) consider that
these “panarchical collapses” are consequence of vulnerabilities that are accumulated
in different scales driven by the alignment of braking points of far more complex
social and ecological issues: “Nodes in critical infrastructure amplify the structural
weaknesses by transmitting them across (social and ecological) scales”. Authors are
pushing for considering CI as linked social, ecological and technological systems
(SETS) in order to prevent maladaptive issues such as lock-in in the context of the
climate change crisis (Payo et al. 2016; Markolf et al. 2018). One of these lock-in
maladaptations in the case of energy CI derive from the challenges of competing
pressures of private owners and operators to meet market demands, manage risk at
their company level, protect proprietary information, and limit shareholder liability
(Yusta et al. 2011); while they contrast to the collective scale of these energy systems
function and the State’s role to ensure their reliable and sustainable services and
goods.
18.5 Defining the Transportation Energy System (TES)
as a CI
18.5.1 Exposure to Current and Future Weather Hazards
and Concepts of Connectivity and Interdependence
of the TES in California
– Definition of the TES in California as an interconnected infrastructure with nodes
(energy infrastructure) and links (transportation infrastructure)
– Overview of direct exposure to coastal flooding and wildfire projections in
California
– Challenges remaining due to the intra-connectivity (within supply chain) and due
to interconnectivity (dependence on critical infrastructure outside of the supply
chain) (Figs. 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4).
18.5.2 Overview of Challenges and Uniqueness
of the Transportation Energy System Vulnerability
to Climate Change
The TES is today mostly represented by the interconnected infrastructure necessary
to extract, transform, and transport crude oil (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine 2018) derived fuel to consumers and it has unique features
that differentiate it from other CIs. These discriminating features explain why it is
underrepresented in literature, and even more so when considering empirical studies.