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H. Matsuura
the number of disability-related institutions per 1,000 population, and per capita
public assistance expenditures after the z-transformation. Then I took an average
of these 12 indicators to calculate the Japanese-version RCI score. Each of the
three dimensions of RCI, Economic capacity attributes, Socio-Demographic capacity
attributes and Community Connectivity attributes were also calculated in order to
understand which attributes contribute to resilience against disasters. I assign missing
values to each attribute if more than two out of four indicators are missing in each
attribute. This results in six missing observations in RCI (four missing observations in
Economic capacity attributes and five missing observations in Community Connectivity attributes). These six municipalities are located in the evacuation zones of the
Fukushima nuclear accident.
Once RCI was calculated, I constructed two dummy variables for municipalities
with high and low resilience. The dummy variable for municipalities with high (low)
resilience is equal to 1 if a municipality is in the top (bottom) quartile of RCI.
Otherwise it is 0. I also constructed high and low economic capacity attributes,
high and low socio-demographic capacity attributes and high and low community
connectivity attributes in a similar manner. Appendix shows the top ten and bottom
ten of the RCI (and its components) ranking.
8.2.3 Migration Data of Japanese and Foreign Population
The in-migration and out-migration data come from a Report on Internal Migration
compiled by the Statistics Bureau of Japan. The information is derived from the
Basic Resident Registry (BRR) system of Japan. The BRR is a registry of citizens
maintained by municipality governments. It contains personal information including
name, current address, date of birth and gender for each citizen. The Basic Resident
Registration Act of 1967 requires citizens to report a change of address to the local
authority. The date of move and the place of past residence are recorded in the BRR.
As a result, I can track the total number of in- and out-migration across municipalities
in Japan.
Based on a revision of the Basic Resident Registration Act, foreigners who have
stayed or will stay in Japan legally for more than three months are subject to the
Basic Resident Registration System (from 2012). I calculated the in-migration and
out-migration rate of foreign residents in each municipality separate from Japanese
nationals by using the same data.
I constructed the out-migration rate by dividing the total number of out-migrations
of Japanese nationals and foreigners by the total number of Japanese nationals and
foreigners in each municipality, respectively. I also constructed the in-migration rate
in a similar manner.
The chapter uses average in- and out-migration rate in the period 2012–2016.
Figure 8.1 shows the time trends of in- and out-migration rate from 2010 to 2016. The
rapid increase in in- and out-migration rate in 2012 was as a result of the 2011 Tohoku
H. Matsuura
the number of disability-related institutions per 1,000 population, and per capita
public assistance expenditures after the z-transformation. Then I took an average
of these 12 indicators to calculate the Japanese-version RCI score. Each of the
three dimensions of RCI, Economic capacity attributes, Socio-Demographic capacity
attributes and Community Connectivity attributes were also calculated in order to
understand which attributes contribute to resilience against disasters. I assign missing
values to each attribute if more than two out of four indicators are missing in each
attribute. This results in six missing observations in RCI (four missing observations in
Economic capacity attributes and five missing observations in Community Connectivity attributes). These six municipalities are located in the evacuation zones of the
Fukushima nuclear accident.
Once RCI was calculated, I constructed two dummy variables for municipalities
with high and low resilience. The dummy variable for municipalities with high (low)
resilience is equal to 1 if a municipality is in the top (bottom) quartile of RCI.
Otherwise it is 0. I also constructed high and low economic capacity attributes,
high and low socio-demographic capacity attributes and high and low community
connectivity attributes in a similar manner. Appendix shows the top ten and bottom
ten of the RCI (and its components) ranking.
8.2.3 Migration Data of Japanese and Foreign Population
The in-migration and out-migration data come from a Report on Internal Migration
compiled by the Statistics Bureau of Japan. The information is derived from the
Basic Resident Registry (BRR) system of Japan. The BRR is a registry of citizens
maintained by municipality governments. It contains personal information including
name, current address, date of birth and gender for each citizen. The Basic Resident
Registration Act of 1967 requires citizens to report a change of address to the local
authority. The date of move and the place of past residence are recorded in the BRR.
As a result, I can track the total number of in- and out-migration across municipalities
in Japan.
Based on a revision of the Basic Resident Registration Act, foreigners who have
stayed or will stay in Japan legally for more than three months are subject to the
Basic Resident Registration System (from 2012). I calculated the in-migration and
out-migration rate of foreign residents in each municipality separate from Japanese
nationals by using the same data.
I constructed the out-migration rate by dividing the total number of out-migrations
of Japanese nationals and foreigners by the total number of Japanese nationals and
foreigners in each municipality, respectively. I also constructed the in-migration rate
in a similar manner.
The chapter uses average in- and out-migration rate in the period 2012–2016.
Figure 8.1 shows the time trends of in- and out-migration rate from 2010 to 2016. The
rapid increase in in- and out-migration rate in 2012 was as a result of the 2011 Tohoku