6 Heat Vulnerability Index Development and Application in Medan City, Indonesia
109
Kilbourne E, Keewhan C, Jones T, Thacker S (1982) Risk factor of heat stroke, a case control study.
J Am Med Assoc 247:3332–3336
Kim YM, Kim S, Cheong HK, Kim EH (2011) Comparison of temperature indexes for the impact
assessment of heat stress on heat-related mortality. Environ Health Toxicol 1–9
Kjellstrom T, MMeng. (2016) Impact of climate change condition on occupational health and related
economic losses: a new feature of global and urban health in the context of climate change. Asia
Pacific J Public Health 28(2):28–37
Kjellstron T, Briggs D, Freyberg C, Lemke B, Otto M, Hyatt O (2016) Heat, human performance,
and occupational health: a key issue for the assessment of global climate change impacts. Annu
Rev Public Health 37:97–112
Klein Rosenthal J, Kinney PL, Metzger KB (2014) Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality
in New York City, 1997-2006. Health & place 30:45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.
2014.07.014
Lindley SJ, Handley JF, Theuray N, Peet E, McEvoy D (2006) Adaptation strategies for climate
change in the urban environment: assessing climate change related risk in UK urban areas. J Risk
Res 9:543–568
Lubis DP, Widhiastuti R, Syahrin A (2014) Management of model green open space towards the
construction of the green city (case study in medan-indonesia). Int J Educ Res 2:1–4
Lundgren K, Kuklane K, Gao C, Holmer I (2013) Effects of heat stress on working populations
when facing climate change. Ind Health 51:3–15
Medan Spatial Planning Agency (2011) Rencana tata ruang wilayah kota medan 2011–2031. Medan
Medan Statistical Agency (2018) Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat Kota Medan (Welfare Indicator
of Medan Society). Medan Statistical Agency, Annual Government Report, Medan
Medan Transportation Bureau (2016) Area Traffic Control System (ATCS). Medan
Meteorological agency of Indonesia (2016) Data online of Indonesia Meteorological agency. http://
dataonline.bmkg.go.id/. Accessed 18 Jul 2016
Monazzam MR, Golbabaei F, Hematjo R, Hosseini M, Nassairi P, Farhang DS (2014) Evaluation
of DI, WBGT and Swreq/PHS heat stress indices for estimating the heat load on the employees
of a petrochemical industry. IJOH 6:6–10
Oke TR (1987) Boundary layer climate, 2nd edn. Routledge, London and New York
Pan W-H, Li L-A, Tsai M-J (1995) Temperature extremes and mortality from coronary heart disease
and cerebral infarction in elderly Chinese. The Lancet 345:353–355
Phelan PE, Kaloush K, Miner M, Golden J, Phelan B, Silva Ill H, Taylor RA (2015) Urban heat
island: mechanism, implications, and possible remedies. Annu Rev Environ Res 285–307
Reid CE, O’neill MS, Gronlund CJ, Brines SJ, Brown DG, Diez-Roux AV, Schwartz J (2009)
Mapping community determinant of heat vulnarability. Environ Health Perspectives 1730–1737
Robine J-M, Cheung SL, Van Le RoyS H, Oyen CG, Michel J-P (2008) Death toll exceeds 70000
in Europe during the summer of 2003. CR Biol 22:670–683
Rooney C, Mcmichael AJ, Kovats RS, Coleman MP (1998) Excess mortality in England and Wales,
and in Greater London, during the 1995 Heatwave. J Epidemiol Community Health 52:482–486
Russo S, Dosio A, Graverssen RG, Sillman J, Carrao H, Dunbar MB, Singleton A, Montagna P,
Barbola P, Vogt JV (2014) Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection
in warming world. J Geophys Res: Atmos 119:12500–12512
Satya IMH, Wiryana IM, Sutawan IBKY (2018) Exertional heatstroke: sebuah laporan kasus.
Medicina 49:303–307
Smith C, Lindley S, Levermore G (2009) Estimating spatial and temporal patterns of urban
antropogenic heat fluxes for UK cities: the case of Manchester. Theor Appl Meteorol 98:19–35
Sobrino JA, Jimenez-Munoz JC, Soria G, Romagueira M, Guanter L et al (2008) Land surface
emissivity retrieval from different VNIR and TIR sensors. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens
46:316–327
Stabler L, Martin C, Brazel A (2005) Microclimates in desert city were related to land use and
vegetation index. Urban for Urban Green 3:137–147
109
Kilbourne E, Keewhan C, Jones T, Thacker S (1982) Risk factor of heat stroke, a case control study.
J Am Med Assoc 247:3332–3336
Kim YM, Kim S, Cheong HK, Kim EH (2011) Comparison of temperature indexes for the impact
assessment of heat stress on heat-related mortality. Environ Health Toxicol 1–9
Kjellstrom T, MMeng. (2016) Impact of climate change condition on occupational health and related
economic losses: a new feature of global and urban health in the context of climate change. Asia
Pacific J Public Health 28(2):28–37
Kjellstron T, Briggs D, Freyberg C, Lemke B, Otto M, Hyatt O (2016) Heat, human performance,
and occupational health: a key issue for the assessment of global climate change impacts. Annu
Rev Public Health 37:97–112
Klein Rosenthal J, Kinney PL, Metzger KB (2014) Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality
in New York City, 1997-2006. Health & place 30:45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.
2014.07.014
Lindley SJ, Handley JF, Theuray N, Peet E, McEvoy D (2006) Adaptation strategies for climate
change in the urban environment: assessing climate change related risk in UK urban areas. J Risk
Res 9:543–568
Lubis DP, Widhiastuti R, Syahrin A (2014) Management of model green open space towards the
construction of the green city (case study in medan-indonesia). Int J Educ Res 2:1–4
Lundgren K, Kuklane K, Gao C, Holmer I (2013) Effects of heat stress on working populations
when facing climate change. Ind Health 51:3–15
Medan Spatial Planning Agency (2011) Rencana tata ruang wilayah kota medan 2011–2031. Medan
Medan Statistical Agency (2018) Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat Kota Medan (Welfare Indicator
of Medan Society). Medan Statistical Agency, Annual Government Report, Medan
Medan Transportation Bureau (2016) Area Traffic Control System (ATCS). Medan
Meteorological agency of Indonesia (2016) Data online of Indonesia Meteorological agency. http://
dataonline.bmkg.go.id/. Accessed 18 Jul 2016
Monazzam MR, Golbabaei F, Hematjo R, Hosseini M, Nassairi P, Farhang DS (2014) Evaluation
of DI, WBGT and Swreq/PHS heat stress indices for estimating the heat load on the employees
of a petrochemical industry. IJOH 6:6–10
Oke TR (1987) Boundary layer climate, 2nd edn. Routledge, London and New York
Pan W-H, Li L-A, Tsai M-J (1995) Temperature extremes and mortality from coronary heart disease
and cerebral infarction in elderly Chinese. The Lancet 345:353–355
Phelan PE, Kaloush K, Miner M, Golden J, Phelan B, Silva Ill H, Taylor RA (2015) Urban heat
island: mechanism, implications, and possible remedies. Annu Rev Environ Res 285–307
Reid CE, O’neill MS, Gronlund CJ, Brines SJ, Brown DG, Diez-Roux AV, Schwartz J (2009)
Mapping community determinant of heat vulnarability. Environ Health Perspectives 1730–1737
Robine J-M, Cheung SL, Van Le RoyS H, Oyen CG, Michel J-P (2008) Death toll exceeds 70000
in Europe during the summer of 2003. CR Biol 22:670–683
Rooney C, Mcmichael AJ, Kovats RS, Coleman MP (1998) Excess mortality in England and Wales,
and in Greater London, during the 1995 Heatwave. J Epidemiol Community Health 52:482–486
Russo S, Dosio A, Graverssen RG, Sillman J, Carrao H, Dunbar MB, Singleton A, Montagna P,
Barbola P, Vogt JV (2014) Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection
in warming world. J Geophys Res: Atmos 119:12500–12512
Satya IMH, Wiryana IM, Sutawan IBKY (2018) Exertional heatstroke: sebuah laporan kasus.
Medicina 49:303–307
Smith C, Lindley S, Levermore G (2009) Estimating spatial and temporal patterns of urban
antropogenic heat fluxes for UK cities: the case of Manchester. Theor Appl Meteorol 98:19–35
Sobrino JA, Jimenez-Munoz JC, Soria G, Romagueira M, Guanter L et al (2008) Land surface
emissivity retrieval from different VNIR and TIR sensors. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens
46:316–327
Stabler L, Martin C, Brazel A (2005) Microclimates in desert city were related to land use and
vegetation index. Urban for Urban Green 3:137–147