104
M. D. Setiawati et al.
risk knowledge component is very crucial in order to employ early warning system
as part of development master plan for the city. We conducted several time workshop in the study area, however, UHI effect and heat-related risk have not been a
major consideration in their development planning. Satya et al. (2018) warn that
early symptom of heatstroke was communication chaos in the community, and it
was associated with mystical matters, resulting in delays in handling patients. Thus,
knowledge and awareness of the community about symptoms of heat-related risk,
especially heatstroke will be very important to avoid heat-related mortality. In addition, the most important prevention is to educate the vulnerable groups. Since there is
not yet a policy or legally binding regarding urban climate adaptation measures and
lack of knowledge of heat-related risk of the municipal government and community,
the heat early warning will be difficult to implement in the Medan city.
Employing at the city level performed in this study indicators give more information about local vulnerability. The methodology demonstrated in this paper can
be used with variety of local data regardless of the geographical location thus it
can be a universal tool for the heat vulnerability assessment, and with incorporation
of future climate scenarios it can be useful for future heat vulnerability prediction.
The method could be also focused on other local contexts through using data from
household survey such as child and elderly actual health condition against their living
standards, etc.
6.19 Conclusion
Increasing heat exposure in the urban environment has become a hazardous to human
health. Using refined HVI, an index calculated by PCA method based on exposure to
the heat and sensitivity to the heat, 13 variables in total, for the spatial assessment of
heat vulnerability level was demonstrated as one of the possible to create response to
the heating environment problem. In rapidly growing Medan City in the Indonesian
province of North Sumatra, it has been shown that over the past three decades the
heat tress was increasing. In addition, recent rapid growth of energy consumption and
traffic, together with the drastic land-use change from green to build area affected in
high vulnerability level, measured in this study through HVI.
The number of respiratory and especially hypertension health problem cases that
are related to high temperature and under these conditions may lead to heart attacks
and eventually morality was found spatially prevalent at the areas of high HVI. In this
study, the employed novel approach to map the vulnerability to extreme temperature
events allows to develop warning systems and to respond to climate change promptly.
In longer perspective, the spatial distribution of high vulnerability areas also allows
to introduce various spatial planning measures such as relocation of heat-emitting
industrial areas, re-allocation of green areas back to the city to decrease surface
temperature, and rising awareness of heat-related risk. Improving airflow through the
city by considering climate data on the wind will improve cooling of the especially
congested areas.
M. D. Setiawati et al.
risk knowledge component is very crucial in order to employ early warning system
as part of development master plan for the city. We conducted several time workshop in the study area, however, UHI effect and heat-related risk have not been a
major consideration in their development planning. Satya et al. (2018) warn that
early symptom of heatstroke was communication chaos in the community, and it
was associated with mystical matters, resulting in delays in handling patients. Thus,
knowledge and awareness of the community about symptoms of heat-related risk,
especially heatstroke will be very important to avoid heat-related mortality. In addition, the most important prevention is to educate the vulnerable groups. Since there is
not yet a policy or legally binding regarding urban climate adaptation measures and
lack of knowledge of heat-related risk of the municipal government and community,
the heat early warning will be difficult to implement in the Medan city.
Employing at the city level performed in this study indicators give more information about local vulnerability. The methodology demonstrated in this paper can
be used with variety of local data regardless of the geographical location thus it
can be a universal tool for the heat vulnerability assessment, and with incorporation
of future climate scenarios it can be useful for future heat vulnerability prediction.
The method could be also focused on other local contexts through using data from
household survey such as child and elderly actual health condition against their living
standards, etc.
6.19 Conclusion
Increasing heat exposure in the urban environment has become a hazardous to human
health. Using refined HVI, an index calculated by PCA method based on exposure to
the heat and sensitivity to the heat, 13 variables in total, for the spatial assessment of
heat vulnerability level was demonstrated as one of the possible to create response to
the heating environment problem. In rapidly growing Medan City in the Indonesian
province of North Sumatra, it has been shown that over the past three decades the
heat tress was increasing. In addition, recent rapid growth of energy consumption and
traffic, together with the drastic land-use change from green to build area affected in
high vulnerability level, measured in this study through HVI.
The number of respiratory and especially hypertension health problem cases that
are related to high temperature and under these conditions may lead to heart attacks
and eventually morality was found spatially prevalent at the areas of high HVI. In this
study, the employed novel approach to map the vulnerability to extreme temperature
events allows to develop warning systems and to respond to climate change promptly.
In longer perspective, the spatial distribution of high vulnerability areas also allows
to introduce various spatial planning measures such as relocation of heat-emitting
industrial areas, re-allocation of green areas back to the city to decrease surface
temperature, and rising awareness of heat-related risk. Improving airflow through the
city by considering climate data on the wind will improve cooling of the especially
congested areas.